Fig. 9. Compound 2 inhibits CFA-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the paw skin of hyperalgesic rats. Animals were administered with an intraplantar injection of 50% CFA (50 μL diluted in 0.9% saline) or saline into the left hind paw. 24 h post injection, rats in the test compound groups were administered with compound 2, GW405833, AM281, SR144528 or their combination. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured after 1 h post drug administration. Quantitative analysis of expression levels for the pro-inflammatory cytokines (A) and (D) IL-1β, (B) and (E) IL-6, and (C) and (F) TNF-α (n = 6). Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc Tukey's test: ***P < 0.001, *P < 0.05 and No: no statistical difference. Sal, saline.