Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients according to corrected sodium levels
| Corrected hyponatremia (<135 mmol/L) | Low corrected normonatremia (135–139.9 mmol/L) | High corrected normonatremia (140–144.9 mmol/L) | Mild corrected hypernatremia (145–149.9 mmol/L) | Severe corrected hypernatremia (≥150 mmol/L) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers (%) | 34 (4.5) | 120 (15.9) | 251 (33.2) | 157 (20.8) | 193 (25.6) | |
| Age (years)a | 68.2 ± 13.7 | 63.9 ± 15.5 | 67.9 ± 15.3 | 68.0 ± 16.4 | 73.4 ± 13.8d | <0.001d |
| Male sex, n (%) | 17 (50.0) | 73 (60.8) | 174 (69.3) | 111 (70.7) | 135 (69.9) | 0.078 |
| Blood glucose (mg/dL)a | 628.5 ± 106.4 | 631.1 ± 121.9 | 633.5 ± 114.8 | 694.3 ± 207.2 | 828.7 ± 285.3d | <0.001d |
| Body temperature (°C)a | 37.0 ± 1.1 | 36.8 ± 1.0 | 36.6 ± 0.9 | 36.7 ± 1.0 | 36.8 ± 3.1 | 0.487 |
| RR (breath per minute)a | 19.5 ± 4.8 | 19.8 ± 2.7 | 20.1 ± 4.2 | 20.0 ± 4.4 | 22.3 ± 6.0d | <0.001d |
| SBP (mm Hg)a | 132.0 ± 31.2 | 140.7 ± 39.3 | 145.9 ± 32.9 | 145.2 ± 36.8 | 123.7 ± 37.2d | <0.001d |
| PR (beats per minute)a | 90.5 ± 31.0 | 97.4 ± 22.9 | 94.3 ± 21.8 | 95.6 ± 24.9 | 105.6 ± 28.5d | <0.001d |
| WBC count (/cumm)b | 13,800 (9200–21,300) | 10,650 (7600–15,100) | 9100 (6900–12,500) | 9700 (7300–14,200) | 11,900 (8550–16,000) | <0.001 |
| Hb (g/dL)a | 11.3 ± 3.1 | 11.5 ± 2.6 | 12.6 ± 2.6 | 12.8 ± 2.5 | 12.7 ± 3.0d | <0.001d |
| PLT (/cumm)b | 218K (145K–323K) | 245K (175K–304K) | 218K (164K–274K) | 225K (171K–275K) | 228K (156K–288K) | 0.344 |
| CRP (mg/dL)b | 10.4 (2.21–16.09) | 2.80 (0.55–13.39) | 1.34 (0.31–7.84) | 1.29 (0.30–8.50) | 3.61 (0.86–10.94) | 0.009 |
| BUN (mg/dL)b | 38.0 (27.0–75.0) | 36.5 (25.0–62.0) | 30.0 (19.0–51.0) | 29.0 (18.0–44.5) | 57.0 (34.5–87.0)d | <0.001d |
| Creatinine (mg/dL)a | 2.75 ± 1.78 | 2.92 ± 3.06 | 2.35 ± 1.93 | 2.34 ± 1.94 | 2.99 ± 1.76 | 0.004 |
| Calculated osmolalitya | 291.1 ± 10.0c | 302.6 ± 12.9 | 308.3 ± 9.8 | 317.4 ± 11.4 | 355.5 ±28.1d | <0.001c,d |
| Effective osmolalitya | 273.7 ± 5.9c | 285.5 ± 2.8 | 294.6 ± 3.0 | 304.3 ± 3.3 | 331.8 ± 19.4d | <0.001c,d |
| Na (mmol/L)a | 119.4 ± 4.0c | 125.2 ± 3.2 | 129.7 ± 2.9 | 132.9 ± 5.0 | 142.9 ± 9.1d | <0.001c,d |
| K (mmol/L)a | 5.0 ± 1.5 | 4.5 ± 0.9 | 4.6 ± 0.9 | 4.4 ± 0.9 | 4.7 ± 1.2 | 0.054 |
| ALT (U/L)a | 22 (18–34) | 20 (14–38) | 23 (16–35) | 22 (16–35) | 27 (17–43) | 0.951 |
aMean (standard deviation).
bMedian (interquatile range).
cp value < 0.05 between corrected hyponatremia and low corrected normonatremia.
dp value <0.05 between severe corrected hypernatremia and low corrected normonatremia.
RR = respiratory rate; SBP = systolic blood pressure; PR = pulse rate; WBC = white blood cell; Hb = hemoglobin; PLT = platelet; CRP = C-reactive protein; BUN = blood urea nitrogen; Na = sodium; K = potassium; ALT = alanine aminotransferase.