. 2020 Sep 2;23(9):905–919. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0075

Table 2.

Baseline Anthropometric and Metabolic Characteristics of the Three Subgroups

Variable	OW (N = 15)	DM (N = 9)	DM/OW (N = 16)
Anthropometric^#
Gender M/F (%M)	5/10 (33.3%)	9/0 (100%)	5/11 (68.7%)
Male age (year/range)	37.0^a (32–42)	54.4^b (42–63)	54.2^b (41–72)
Female age (year/range)	34.4^a (23–45)	—	45.9^b (32–65)
Height (cm)	162^a ± 1.71	173^b ± 2.82	158^a ± 2.62
Weight (kg)	74.1^a ± 1.98	69.4^a ± 1.88	74.5^a ± 3.22
BMI (kg/m²)	28.3^b ± 0.657	23.3^a ± 0.439	29.6^b ± 0.776
Waist (cm)	92.1^a ± 1.92	90.4^a ± 1.72	97.3^b ± 2.36
Hip (cm)	108^b ± 1.60	97.9^a ± 0.920	106^b ± 2.55
Waist/hip	0.857^a ± 0.0206	0.924^b ± 0.0147	0.917^b ± 0.0191
Index of central obesity	0.569^a ± 0.00995	0.525^a ± 0.0116	0.615^b ± 0.0129
Glycemic^#
HbA1c ≥7.0 (% of subjects in group)	0/15 (0.0%)^a	7/9 (77.8%)^b	12/16 (75%)^b
HbA1c (%)	5.29^a ± 0.0661	7.92^b ± 0.398	7.97^b ± 0.392
FBG (mg/dL)	92.9^a ± 1.99	137^b ± 15.1	164^b ± 11.3
PPBG (mg/dL)	129^a ± 4.30	228^b ± 24.7	232^b ± 14.9
eAG (mg/dL)	105^a ± 1.90	181^b ± 11.4	182^b ± 11.2
Vascular^#
SBP (mmHg)	120^a ± 2.05	123^a ± 2.89	126^a ± 2.88
DBP (mmHg)	76.9^a ± 1.36	80.7^a ± 3.56	80.9^a ± 2.26
MAP (mmHg)	91.3^a ± 1.28	94.9^a ± 3.08	95.9^a ± 2.35
PP (mmHg)	43.2^a ± 2.09	42.7^a ± 2.77	45.0^a ± 1.70
Lipidic^#
TC (mg/dL)	214^a ± 7.41	197^a ± 8.83	196^a ± 11.0
TC-HDL (mg/dL)	174^a ± 7.25	157^a ± 9.03	157^a ± 10.7
LDL (mg/dL)	137^a ± 7.13	127^a ± 8.47	126^a ± 9.45
VLDL (mg/dL)	32.3^a ± 1.88	30.9^a ± 2.95	27.8^a ± 2.12
HDL (mg/dL)	39.9^a ± 0.888	39.7^a ± 0.289	38.5^a ± 0.585
TG (mg/dL)	163^a ± 9.39	156^a ± 14.7	139^a ± 11.1
Lipidic ratios^#
TC/HDL	5.38^a ± 0.194	4.98^a ± 0.249	5.07^a ± 0.255
LDL/HDL	3.43^a ± 0.172	3.20^a ± 0.227	3.25^a ± 0.221
VLDL/HDL	0.815^a ± 0.0498	0.782^a ± 0.0782	0.719^a ± 0.0506
TG/HDL	4.21^a ± 0.297	3.69^a ± 0.285	3.53^a ± 0.323
Hepatic^#
GGT (IU/L)	16.5^a ± 1.07	23.1^b ± 1.97	15.7^a ± 1.93
AST (IU/L)	28.8^a ± 1.92	41.4^b ± 5.83	30.0^a ± 2.57
ALT (IU/L)	35.7^ab ± 2.64	44.3^b ± 5.58	31.6^a ± 2.47
AST/ALT	0.836^a ± 0.0564	0.925^a ± 0.0450	0.976^a ± 0.0695
ALP (IU/L)	148^a ± 8.45	175^a ± 17.9	167^a ± 13.5
Bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.653^a ± 0.0477	0.611^a ± 0.0807	0.644^a ± 0.0545
Direct bilirubin (mg/dL)	0.220^a ± 0.0200	0.222^a ± 0.0465	0.213^a ± 0.0256
Total protein (mg/dL)	6.59^a ± 0.108	6.88^a ± 0.134	6.76^a ± 0.102
Albumin (g/dL)	4.27^a ± 0.114	4.39^a ± 0.170	4.36^a ± 0.104
Globulin (g/dL)	2.32^a ± 0.104	2.43^a ± 0.124	2.41^a ± 0.0566
A/G	1.93^a ± 0.160	1.86^a ± 0.163	1.83^a ± 0.0676
Renal^#
BUN (mg/dL)	24.5^a ± 1.29	23.0^a ± 1.74	26.8^a ± 1.56
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.880^a ± 0.0327	0.989^a ± 0.0484	0.994^a ± 0.0295
BUN/creatinine	28.6^a ± 2.22	23.2^a ± 1.17	27.3^a ± 1.91
Thyroid^#
T3 (ng/mL)	1.16^a ± 0.0475	1.17^a ± 0.0512	1.17^a ± 0.0616
T4 (mg/dL)	7.83^a ± 0.483	8.00^a ± 0.299	7.90^a ± 0.655
TSH (mg/dL)	3.19^a ± 0.439	2.77^a ± 0.306	3.48^a ± 0.584
Metabolic syndrome^#
Number of diagnostic criteria met	2.20^a ± 0.296	2.33^a ± 0.167	3.31^b ± 0.254
Cardiometabolic indices^##
Cardiovascular risk (%)	1.20^a (0.700–2.90)	11.9^b (4.20–23.1)	3.75^b (0.800–38.8)
Fatty liver index (score)	42.0^b (25.0–80.0)	34.0^a (24.0–45.0)	50.0^b (25.0–84.0)
Lipid accumulation product (score)	58.1^b (27.8–115)	41.2^a (29.2–57.6)	52.4^ab (31.7–98.2)
Hepatic steatosis index (score)	39.1^b (34.6–48.8)	33.5^a (32.2–36.8)	38.4^b (31.9–46.3)

^{^#}

Values are mean ± SEM; common letter superscripts indicate nonsignificant differences P > .05 determined by ANOVA.

^{^##}

Values are medians with parenthetic range; common letter superscripts indicate nonsignificant differences P > .05 determined by Kruskal–Wallis test.

ALP, alkaline phosphatase; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; DM, diabetic; OW, overweight; eAG, estimated average glucose; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high density lipoprotein; ICO, index of central obesity; LDL, low density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; OW, over weight; PP, pulse pressure; PPG, postprandial glucose; SBP, systolic blood pressure; T3, triiodothyronine; T4, thyroxine; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone; VLDL, very low density lipoprotein; SEM, standard error of mean; ANOVA, analysis of variance.