. 2020 Apr 21;158(3):913–922. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.04.011

Table 2.

Selected Studies Evaluating the Role of Immunotherapy in Asthma Prevention

Study	Study Design	Asthma and Clinically Important Outcomes
Novembre et al²³ (2004)	Prospective randomized open controlled study of children aged 5-14 y with AR and grass allergy, no prior signs of asthma. Intervention group received 3 y of SLIT vs standard therapy.	Fourfold increased rate of asthma in the grass-allergic children not treated with IT. Treated children had reduced symptoms and used less medication in the second and third years.
Jacobsen et al²² (2007)	Prospective open, partially RCT involving those 16-25 y, with grass ± birch allergy. Intervention arm received SCIT birch ± grass SCIT for 3 y vs standard medical therapy.	In this open, non-placebo-controlled study of older patients, the SCIT-treated group had significantly lower rates of asthma, and their AR improved more than that of the control group.
Zolkipli et al²⁴ (2015)	Prospective, double-blind RCT of infants at high risk of atopy, but not yet sensitized. Intervention involved HDM extract given orally twice daily for 12 mo vs placebo.	SLIT had no significant preventative effect on wheeze. Sensitization to any allergen 25.5% in control group vs 16% in the intervention group. No effect on AD or food allergy.
Marogna et al²⁵ (2017)	Prospective open, nonrandomized, trial of patients with AR aged 8-57 y mono-sensitized to HDM. Interventions included SLIT, adjuvanted SLIT, vs standard pharmacotherapy only (control group).	Over the 5 y of the study, control patients had a decline in FEV₁, IT group had stable FEV₁. After 5 y, 58% of control patients developed new sensitization, compared with 13.2% in the SLIT group and 8.1% in the adjuvanted SLIT group.
Valovirta et al²⁶ (2018)	Prospective, double-blind RCT of children, aged 5-12 y with AR caused by grass pollen, but no asthma. Intervention involved 3 y of treatment with grass SLIT vs placebo.	Primary outcome not reached: no difference in time to asthma diagnosis. SLIT reduced asthma symptoms, use of asthma medications at the end of the trial (5 y). Total IgE, grass pollen-specific IgE and SPT reactivity reduced in the intervention group.

See Table 1 legend for expansion of abbreviations.