Figure S4.

Permeability assays. (A) TEER assay: Confluent HMVEC monolayers cultured on Transwell inserts were incubated with 10 µg/ml of purified sNS1 from 16681 or D2Y98P strain, 10 µg/ml OVA (negative control), or 5 ng/ml TNF-α (positive control). Measurements were taken at the indicated time points using an EVOM resistance meter. (B) RTCA: HMVEC monolayers cultured on E-plate were incubated with 10 µg/ml of purified sNS1 from 16681 or D2Y98P strain, 10 µg/ml OVA (negative control), or 5 ng/ml TNF-α (positive control). Measurements were taken in real time every 15 s using an xCELLigence RTCA MP instrument. Data are representative of two independent experiments. Results were expressed as averages ± SD.