Table 3. Association between current NSAID use and 30-day mortality, hospitalization, ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and renal replacement therapy in propensity-score-matched cohorts according to subgroups of interest.

Subgroup	Outcome	Risk (%) (95% CI)		Comparison
		NSAID users	Non-users	Risk difference (%) (95% CI)	p-Value	Risk ratio (95% CI)	p-Value
Age < 65 years	Death	1.2 (−0.4, 2.8)	0.3 (−0.1, 0.7)	0.8 (−0.8, 2.5)	0.31	3.76 (0.53, 26.56)	0.18
	Hospitalization	16.3 (10.6, 21.9)	11.2 (8.5, 13.9)	5.1 (−1.2, 11.3)	0.11	1.45 (0.95, 2.22)	0.08
	ICU admission	1.2 (−0.4, 2.8)	2.5 (1.1, 3.8)	−1.3 (−3.4, 0.8)	0.22	0.47 (0.11, 2.07)	0.43
	Mechanical ventilation	1.2 (−0.4, 2.8)	1.8 (0.7, 3.0)	−0.7 (−2.7, 1.3)	0.50	0.63 (0.14, 2.87)	0.55
	Renal replacement therapy	0.6 (−0.6, 1.7)	1.1 (0.1, 2.1)	−0.5 (−2.0, 1.0)	0.52	0.54 (0.06, 4.67)	0.57
Age 65+ years	Death	23.5 (11.8, 35.3)	21.6 (16.0, 27.3)	1.9 (−11.1, 14.9)	0.77	1.09 (0.62, 1.91)	0.77
	Hospitalization	60.5 (44.8, 76.3)	54.2 (46.0, 62.3)	6.4 (−11.2, 23.9)	0.48	1.12 (0.83, 1.51)	0.47
	ICU admission	18.0 (7.2, 28.8)	10.9 (6.6, 15.2)	7.1 (−4.4, 18.6)	0.22	1.65 (0.81, 3.37)	0.17
	Mechanical ventilation	15.7 (5.6, 25.8)	9.5 (5.5, 13.6)	6.1 (−4.6, 16.9)	0.26	1.64 (0.76, 3.53)	0.20
	Renal replacement therapy	3.9 (−1.5, 9.3)	2.9 (0.5, 5.2)	1.1 (−4.8, 6.9)	0.72	1.37 (0.28, 6.73)	0.70
Female	Death	4.5 (1.0, 8.0)	4.8 (2.8, 6.8)	−0.3 (−4.4, 3.7)	0.88	0.93 (0.38, 2.27)	0.88
	Hospitalization	21.7 (14.6, 28.8)	14.0 (10.5, 17.4)	7.7 (−0.2, 15.6)	0.05	1.55 (1.03, 2.34)	0.03
	ICU admission	1.5 (−0.6, 3.6)	1.3 (0.4, 2.3)	0.1 (−2.1, 2.4)	0.90	1.11 (0.23, 5.29)	0.90
	Mechanical ventilation	1.5 (−0.6, 3.6)	0.6 (−0.1, 1.2)	0.9 (−1.2, 3.1)	0.41	2.59 (0.44, 15.36)	0.30
	Renal replacement therapy	—	0.8 (0.0, 1.5)	—	—	—	—
Male	Death	8.9 (3.0, 14.8)	8.0 (5.1, 10.9)	0.9 (−5.7, 7.5)	0.79	1.11 (0.52, 2.37)	0.79
	Hospitalization	29.3 (19.0, 39.7)	31.9 (26.3, 37.5)	−2.6 (−14.3, 9.2)	0.67	0.92 (0.62, 1.36)	0.67
	ICU admission	10.1 (3.8, 16.4)	9.5 (6.2, 12.8)	0.6 (−6.5, 7.7)	0.86	1.07 (0.52, 2.17)	0.86
	Mechanical ventilation	8.9 (3.0, 14.8)	8.6 (5.4, 11.8)	0.3 (−6.4, 7.0)	0.94	1.03 (0.48, 2.20)	0.94
	Renal replacement therapy	3.3 (−0.4, 7.1)	2.7 (0.6, 4.7)	0.7 (−3.6, 4.9)	0.76	1.25 (0.32, 4.83)	0.75
No history of cardiovascular disease	Death	4.5 (1.6, 7.3)	3.5 (2.2, 4.8)	1.0 (−2.1, 4.1)	0.53	1.29 (0.62, 2.69)	0.50
	Hospitalization	23.9 (17.8, 30.1)	19.3 (16.2, 22.5)	4.6 (−2.3, 11.5)	0.19	1.24 (0.91, 1.68)	0.17
	ICU admission	4.5 (1.6, 7.3)	4.1 (2.6, 5.7)	0.4 (−2.9, 3.6)	0.83	1.09 (0.52, 2.28)	0.83
	Mechanical ventilation	4.0 (1.3, 6.7)	3.5 (2.1, 4.9)	0.5 (−2.6, 3.6)	0.75	1.14 (0.51, 2.52)	0.75
	Renal replacement therapy	1.0 (−0.4, 2.4)	1.2 (0.3, 2.2)	−0.2 (−1.9, 1.4)	0.77	0.80 (0.16, 3.90)	0.78
History of cardiovascular disease	Death	21.7 (4.5, 39.0)	29.7 (19.0, 40.4)	−7.9 (−28.0, 12.1)	0.44	0.73 (0.31, 1.73)	0.48
	Hospitalization	31.3 (7.8, 54.7)	42.4 (29.2, 55.7)	−11.2 (−37.6, 15.2)	0.41	0.74 (0.33, 1.63)	0.45
	ICU admission	9.1 (−3.2, 21.4)	10.2 (3.8, 16.7)	−1.1 (−14.8, 12.5)	0.87	0.89 (0.20, 3.86)	0.88
	Mechanical ventilation	8.7 (−3.1, 20.5)	7.9 (2.2, 13.5)	0.8 (−12.1, 13.7)	0.90	1.11 (0.24, 5.02)	0.90
	Renal replacement therapy	4.3 (−4.2, 12.9)	4.4 (0.1, 8.7)	−0.1 (−9.5, 9.3)	0.98	0.98 (0.11, 8.44)	0.98
Not healthcare professional	Death	7.0 (3.3, 10.7)	8.0 (5.7, 10.2)	−0.9 (−5.3, 3.4)	0.67	0.88 (0.49, 1.60)	0.68
	Hospitalization	27.9 (21.0, 34.7)	26.4 (22.5, 30.4)	1.4 (−6.5, 9.3)	0.72	1.05 (0.79, 1.41)	0.72
	ICU admission	5.4 (2.2, 8.7)	6.1 (4.1, 8.1)	−0.7 (−4.5, 3.1)	0.73	0.89 (0.45, 1.76)	0.73
	Mechanical ventilation	4.9 (1.8, 8.0)	5.1 (3.2, 6.9)	−0.2 (−3.8, 3.4)	0.92	0.96 (0.46, 2.00)	0.92
	Renal replacement therapy	1.1 (−0.4, 2.6)	2.1 (0.8, 3.4)	−1.0 (−3.0, 1.0)	0.32	0.52 (0.12, 2.37)	0.40

NSAID use was defined as a filled prescription within 30 days prior to the date of cohort entry.

ICU, intensive care unit; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug.