Table IV.
Statistical correlations between ultrasound, nerve conduction study findings and physical examination, questionnaire results
| Ultrasound | NCS latency | NCS amplitude | NCS latency and amplitude | NCS latency or amplitude | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active FF (rpb) | (-) 0.36, P = .11 | 0.26, P = .28 | 0.13, P = .60 | 0.20, P = .41 | 0.20, P = .41 |
| Passive FF (rpb) | (-) 0.16, P = .48 | 0.18, P = .44 | 0.23, P = .34 | 0.22, P = .35 | 0.21, P = .37 |
| Active ER at 0° (rpb) | (-) 0.29, P = .20 | (-) 0.23, P = .33 | 0.03, P = .89 | (-) 0.21, P = .37 | (-) 0.01, P = .97 |
| Passive ER at 0° (rpb) | (-) 0.31, P = .18 | (-) 0.26, P = .27 | 0.04, P = .87 | (-) 0.30, P = .19 | 0.04, P = .85 |
| Active ER ROM at 90° (rpb) | (-) 0.38, P = .09 | (-) 0.32, P = .18 | (-) 0.08, P = .74 | (-) 0.13, P = .58 | (-) 0.26, P = .27 |
| Passive ER ROM at 90° (rpb) | (-) 0.34, P = .13 | (-) 0.34, P = .14 | (-) 0.11, P = .65 | (-) 0.16, P = .49 | (-) 0.28, P = .23 |
| Active IR at 90° (rpb) | 0.15, P = .53 | (-) 0.11, P = .64 | 0.36, P = .12 | 0.11, P = .64 | 0.15, P = .54 |
| Passive IR ROM at 90° (rpb) | 0.07, P = .25 | (-) 0.04, P = .85 | 0.33, P = .16 | 0.13, P = .60 | 0.17, P = .47 |
| IR strength at 0° (rpb) | 0.06, P = .80 | 0.16, P = .49 | 0.35, P = .13 | (-) 0.02, P = .92 | 0.51, P = .02∗ |
| IR strength at 90° (rpb) | 0.05, P = .82 | (-) 0.03, P = .91 | 0.17, P = .48 | (-) 0.15, P = .52 | 0.26, P =.13 |
| Belly-press test (f) | (-) 0.11, P = 1.00 | 0.15, P = 1.00 | 0.17, P = 1.00 | 0.11, P = 1.00 | 0.21, P = 1.00 |
| Lift-off test (f) | (-) 0.02, P = 1.00 | 0.07, P = 1.00 | 0.60, P = .02∗ | 0.30, P = .28 | 0.39, P = .17 |
| Bear hug test (f) | (-) 0.20, P = 1.00 | 0.28, P = .52 | 0.31, P = .28 | 0.21, P = .58 | 0.38, P = .22 |
| ASES (rpb) | (-) 0.53, P = .01∗ | 0.16, P = .51 | (-) 0.03, P = .90 | (-) 0.11, P = .65 | 0.20, P = .40 |
| SANE (rpb) | (-) 0.52, P = .01∗ | (-) 0.15, P = .54 | 0.11, P = .65 | (-) 0.05, P = .83 | 0.01, P = .97 |
| Pain VAS (rpb) | 0.31, P = .18 | 0.18, P = .45 | (-) 0.02, P = .92 | (-) 0.04, P =.87 | 0.17, P =.47 |
NCS, nerve conduction study; FF, forward flexion; ER, external rotation; ROM, range of motion; IR, internal rotation; ASES, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons; SANE, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation; VAS, visual analog score.
Inverse correlations are identified by preceding (-). Phi (φ) coefficients of association were calculated to determine the correlation when both variables were dichotomous. This included the correlation between ultrasound and NCS status. For analysis in which the impairment or functional variable was continuous (passive ER ROM, IR strength, ASES score, and SANE score), a point biserial coefficient (rpb) was computed to evaluate the degree of correlation.
Indicates statistically significant results.