Table 1.

Liposomal antimicrobial drugs for inhalation

Product name (manufacturer)	Lipid composition encapsulation	Reccomended preparation and administration	Target	Side effects
Amikacin (Arikayce™)	1,2-Dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine + cholesterol liposome	Single-use 5 mL Vvial of amikacin sulfate diluted in 1.5% saline (70 mg/mL) Nnebulization for about 13–15 min Once daily	MAC lung diseasea CF NCFB Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hemoptysis, bronchospasm, exacerbations of underlying pulmonary disease, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade
Tobramycin (LipoBiEDT-TOB ™)	Liposomal bismuth-ethanedithiol-loaded tobramycin	Once daily	Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burkholderia cepacian	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hemoptysis, Bronchospasm, exacerbations of underlying pulmonary disease, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, neuromuscular blockade
Ciprofloxacin (Lipoquin™)	Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine + cholesterol liposome	Once daily	CF NCFB Pseudomonas aeruginosa	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hemoptysis, Bronchospasm
Ciprofloxacin (Pulmaquin™)	Hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine + cholesterol liposome	Once daily 3 mL liposome encapsulated ciprofloxacin 135 mg and 3 mL free ciprofloxacin 54 mg	CF NCFB Pseudomonas aeruginosa MAC	Hypersensitivity pneumonitis, hemoptysis, bronchospasm
Amphotericin B (Ambisome™)	liposomes	Prophylaxis after lung transplant 25 mg (6 mL) thrice weekly for the first 60 days after lung transplant 25 mg once weekly between 60 and 180 days 25 mg once every 2 weeks thereafter, for life Treatment 25 mg (6 mL) very 24–48 h	Prophylaxis/treatment for IPA and pulmonary IFI in patients with high-risk hematologic malignancies or LTR	Bronchospasm, nausea, vomiting

CF cystic fibrosis, IPA invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, LRT lung transplant recipients, MAC Mycobacterium avium complex, NCFB non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis

^aUS Food and Drug Administration approved