Table 1.

Codebook for classification of impact

Definition	Inclusion/exclusion criteria and examples
Supporting
The functionality helps some inefficient task but does not fundamentally change the primary/current workflow, the interference of human actors is still required, and the process of task/workflow is still the same.	(1) does not change the entire task
	(2) make the process more efficient compared to prior activities
	(3) still requires human involvement
	(4) the system only helps humans to do their job
	Example: visualization the images and information
Replacing
The functionality performs a certain task that was previously conducted by a human actor; thus, now the human actor is (almost) not needed for conducting this specific task.	(1) changes the particular fundamental task
	(2) does not require human involvement
	(3) technology replacing the current human action
	(4) the task was previously conducted by human actors
	Example: autonomous reading and reporting radiology cases
Extending
Technology offers a functionality that was not previously performed by human actors or the previous systems, and now, with this new functionality, a new task is added to the work and may require the improvement of human capabilities.	(1) creates a new task in the workflow
	(2) does require human involvement but solves the problem through an algorithm
	(3) improves/extends human skills and knowledge
	(4) the tasks were previously non-existent
	Example: provide diagnostic information that was not available before, such as a heatmap of suspicious areas.