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. 2020 Aug 26;8:984. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00984

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Copyright © 2020 Gomes, Ghosh, Lima, Goulão, Moreira-Gomes, Martins-Macedo, Urban, Wright, Gimble, Sousa, Silva, Lepore and Salgado.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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EMG recovery in the ipsilateral hemi-diaphragm, 5 weeks after C2 cervical hemisection injury. (A) Non-treated rats (right graph) present a reduced EMG activity (dorsal recordings represented) in comparison to non-lesioned rats (only subjected to a laminectomy, left graph), revealing a normal pattern of EMG activity. Blue traces are the raw EMG signals (top) whereas green representative traces are the integrated EMG signals (bottom). (B) Treatments with hydrogel, cells or both led to significant recovery of integrated EMG amplitude at the ventral portion of the ipsilateral hemi-diaphragm, while in the medial portion only the combinatorial treatment provided significant improvement. No differences were seen among groups at the dorsal portion. Data is presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 per group); *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.