Table 7.

The 30-item Defense Mechanism Rating Scales Self-Report (DMRS-SR-30) questionnaire (English version).

In the past week, how much did you deal with difficult emotions or situations in the following ways?
	Not at all (0)	Rarely/slightly (1)	Sometimes/somewhat (2)	Often/a lot (3)	Very often/much (4)
1) Did you perceive others as “all good” or “all bad”? 2) Did you react as if you were detached from personally relevant issues? 3) Did you develop somatic symptoms, such as headache, stomach pain, or the loss of ability to do something, in response to emotional situations? 4) Did you offer physical or psychological help to others in need? 5) Did you have repetitive or serial daydreams to which you retreated in lieu of real life? 6) Did you think about how you would handle difficulties that you might expect in the future? 7) Did you feel as if there was nothing positive or redeeming about yourself? 8) Did you have an attitude of giving much more than you received without perceiving the imbalance? 9) Did you ask for physical or emotional support while doing your best to handle the problem? 10) Did you try to diffuse the tension by engaging in creative activities? 11) Did you have an attitude of suspiciousness or perceive others as untrustworthy, unfaithful, or manipulative? 12) Did you make humorous comments about challenging personal issues or stressful situations? 13) Did you reflect upon your emotional experiences and personal thoughts? 14) Did you try to take your anger out on yourself or express it with self-harming behaviors? 15) Did you justify or give plausible explanations to cover up the real reasons for personal problems or stressful situations? 16) Did you take an active role in solving problems that arose? 17) Did you idealize yourself or others for your/their personal characteristics? 18) Did you consciously or unconsciously try to irritate someone in indirect or annoying ways? 19) Did you temporarily put aside your personal needs to deal with other things that needed to be done? 20) Did you focus on minor or unrelated matters that distracted you away from a problem that makes you anxious? 21) Did you discuss an emotional topic in general or impersonal way, without considering or experiencing your feelings? 22) Did you complain about how others don’t understand you or don’t really care? 23) Did you experience strong feelings toward someone, thinking that the other person intended to make you feel that way? 24) Did you feel confused, “spaced out,” or unable to talk about a distressing topic? 25) Did you engage in verbal or physical fights? 26) Did you have trouble remembering simple things? 27) Did you avoid thinking about personal problems or feelings? 28) Did you perceive yourself as very strong, powerful, untouchable? 29) Did you have contradictory or conflictual ideas about a topic that makes you anxious? 30) Did you devalue yourself or others for your/their personal characteristics?