Table 3.
Summary of the 8 articles included in the quantitative analysis.
| Citation | Study Design | Grade of Recommendation | Level of Evidence | Risk-of-bias Score | In favor of a Gene Etiology? | Gene/Region | Population Studied |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sharma et al. (2015)9 | GWAS | B | 3b | 4 | Yes (only in females) | PAX1 | Caucasian and Japanese |
| Zhu et al. (2017)10 | GWAS | B | 3b | 4 | No | MEIS1, MAGI1, AND TNIK | Han Chinese |
| Shyy et al. (2010)11 | Cohort | B | 2b | 5 | No | GPR30, hMel-1B, and RORalpha | Caucasian |
| Gao et al. (2014)12 | Cohort | B | 2b | 5 | Yes | 15q24 microdeletion region | Non-Hispanic White |
| Chettier et al. (2015)1 | Case-control | B | 3b | 5 | No | LBX1 | Caucasian |
| Mcgregor et al. (2011)13 | Case-control | B | 3b | 5 | No | LOX, LOX1, LOX2, LOX3 and LOX4 | Caucasian |
| Zhu et al. (2015)14 | GWAS | B | 3b | 6 | No | AJAP1, PAX3, and BCL-2 | Han Chinese |
| Gao et al. (2013)15 | GWAS | B | 3b | 6 | Yes | LBX1 | Han Chinese |
*GWAS = genome wide association study.