Table 3.

Overview of viruses used in the current study

Name	Strain	Propagated in	Medium*	Procured from
HCoV	229E	Huh-7, 33 °C	DMEM + 5% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)	Prof. Volker Thiel, University of Bern, Switzerland [24, 25]
MERS-CoV	EMC	Vero, 37 °C	DMEM + 2% FBS, 2 mM Glutamine, non-essential amino acids, Pen/strep, HEPES (Biochrom, Germany)
SARS-CoV	Frankfurt-1
SARS-CoV-2	BetaCoV/France/IDF0372/2020	Vero E6, 37 °C		Institute Pasteur, Paris, France via EVAg, European Virus Archive.
Mouse parvovirus	MVM Prototype, ATCC-1346	A9, 37 °C		The National Collection of Pathogenic Viruses, UK
Yellow Fever virus	17D, NCPV-0507	Vero, 37 °C
Vaccinia virus	Elstree (Lister Vaccine), ATCC-VR-1549

All viruses were cultured without CO₂ in non-vented flasks, 24 well-, or 96 well-plates covered with sealing foil (Biorad, microseal B-film, MSB 1001) for the duration of experiments

^aDulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM), Minimum Essential Medium (MEM), Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), Penicillin/Streptomycin (Pen/Strep, 100 U/mL)