Table III.
Association between UIC and clinicopathological characteristics among patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma.
| UIC, µg/l | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | <100 | 100-299 | ≥300 | F/χ2 value | P-value |
| Numbera | 16 (16.5) | 38 (39.2) | 43 (44.3) | ||
| Ageb, years | 46.3±15.1 | 46.1±12.0 | 44.6±12.2 | 0.192 | 0.825 |
| Sexa,c | |||||
| Female | 13 (81.2) | 27 (71.1) | 33 (76.7) | 0.728 | 0.695 |
| Male | 3 (18.8) | 11 (28.9) | 10 (23.3) | ||
| Smoking habita,c | |||||
| Smoker | 2 (12.5) | 2 (5.3) | 5 (11.6) | 1.293 | 0.544 |
| Non-smoker | 14 (87.5) | 36 (94.7) | 38 (88.4) | ||
| BMIa, kg/m2 | |||||
| <24.0 | 8 (50.0) | 17 (44.7) | 22 (51.2) | 0.352 | 0.839 |
| ≥24.0 | 8 (50.0) | 21 (55.3) | 21 (48.8) | ||
| Water iodinea,c,d, µg/l | |||||
| ≥10.0 | 6 (37.5) | 16 (42.1) | 35 (81.4) | 17.787 | 0.001 |
| 2-10 | 8 (50.0) | 15 (39.5) | 6 (13.9) | ||
| <2 | 2 (12.5) | 7 (18.4) | 2 (4.7) | ||
| TIRADS gradesa,c | |||||
| ≥4c | 9 (56.3) | 16 (42.2) | 19 (44.2) | 2.425 | 0.658 |
| 4b | 2 (12.5) | 11 (28.9) | 13 (30.2) | ||
| ≤4a | 5 (31.2) | 11 (28.9) | 11 (25.6) | ||
| Multifocalitya | |||||
| Yes | 5 (31.3) | 23 (60.5) | 16 (37.2) | 5.964 | 0.051 |
| No | 11 (68.7) | 15 (39.5) | 27 (62.8) | ||
| Primary tumor sizea, cm | |||||
| >1.0 | 6 (38.5) | 12 (26.7) | 17 (36.6) | 0.570 | 0.752 |
| ≤1.0 | 10 (61.5) | 26 (73.3) | 26 (63.4) | ||
| Capsular invasiona,e | |||||
| Invasion | 6 (37.5) | 28 (73.7) | 33 (76.7) | 9.029 | 0.011 |
| No invasion | 10 (62.5) | 10 (26.3) | 10 (23.3) | ||
| Locationa,c | |||||
| Bilateral | 2 (12.5) | 19 (50.0) | 16 (37.2) | 7.464 | 0.024 |
| Unilateral | 14 (87.5) | 19 (50.0) | 27 (62.8) | ||
| Extrathyroid metastasisa,d | |||||
| Yes | 10 (62.5) | 16 (42.1) | 30 (69.8) | 6.504 | 0.039 |
| No | 6 (37.5) | 22 (57.9) | 13 (30.2) | ||
| Complicationsa,c | |||||
| Yes | 12 (75.0) | 21 (55.3) | 27 (62.8) | 1.947 | 0.378 |
| No | 4 (25.0) | 17 (44.7) | 16 (37.2) | ||
| Lymph nodesa,c | |||||
| Central district area | 13 (81.3) | 30 (78.9) | 34 (79.1) | 0.042 | 0.979 |
| Non-central area | 3 (18.7) | 8 (21.1) | 9 (20.9) | ||
| Central metastasisa | |||||
| Yes | 10 (62.5) | 14 (36.8) | 26 (60.5) | 5.428 | 0.066 |
| No | 6 (37.5) | 24 (63.2) | 17 (39.5) | ||
a
The numbers (percentage contribution) are listed for each category.
b
Values are displayed as the mean ± SD.
c
Correction for continuity.
d
Bonferroni's test shows significant differences between the ≥300 and the 100–299 µg/l groups (following comparison of three groups using the χ2 or one-way ANOVA analysis); all P<0.05.
e
Bonferroni's test shows significant differences between the ≥300 and <100 µg/l groups, and the 100–299 and <100 µg/l groups; all P<0.05. UIC, urinary iodine concentration; BMI, body mass index; TIRADS, Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System.