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. 2020 Sep 8;10:14749. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-71573-y

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Gastric cancer derived exosomes promote an immunosuppressive premetastatic niche formation in the lung. (A) Twenty C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups. Mice in each group were injected with 20 μg SGC-7901, MKN-45, MKN-28 derived exosomes and PBS every 5 days, for a total of 30 days (tail intravenous). After 30 days, the organs were harvested, and the immune cells were obtained. Flow cytometry quantified the frequencies of immune subpopulations in the lungs of mice in each group. (B) Frequencies of subpopulations of CD4 (CD3⁺/CD4⁺) and CD8 T cells (CD3⁺/CD8⁺) subpopulations. (C) Representative frequencies of subpopulations of (naïve (CD44^low/CD62L^high), central memory (CM, CD44^high/CD62L^high), effector memory (EM, CD44^high/CD62L^low), and acute effector CD4⁺T cells (AE, CD44^low/CD62L^low) in the lung. (D–G) Representative frequency of DCs (CD11C⁺/MHCII⁺, D). Macrophages (Mø, CD11b⁺/F4/80⁺, E), NK (NK1.1⁺/CD3⁻, F) and MDSCs (gMDSCs, CD11b + /Ly6C^med, mMDSCs CD11b⁺/Ly6C^high, G), respectively. Results are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 5 animals/group) and analyzed by two-tailed Mann–Whitney U tests, *, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001.