Table 1.
Early death rate (EDR) in a selection of cooperative group studies vs population-based studies.
| Study | N | Regimen | EDR | Reported time to first ATRA |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cooperative group studies | ||||
| PETHEMA [12] | 732 | ATRA + Idarubicin | 7% | Day 1 of trial, exact time to ATRA not reported |
| Published: 2008 | ||||
| Study years: 1999–2005 | ||||
| JALSG [13] | 283 | ATRA/Idarubicin/ara-C | 5% | |
| Published: 2007 | ||||
| Study years: not reported | ||||
| GAMLCG [14] | 142 | ATRA/high dose ara-C | 8% | |
| Published: 2009 | ||||
| Study years: 1994–2005 | ||||
| GIMEMA [15] | 807 | ATRA + Idarubicin | 6% | |
| Published: 2011 | ||||
| Study years: 1993–2010 | ||||
| AML17 [16] | 119 | ATRA + ATP or ATRA + Idarubicin | 6% | |
| Published: 2015 | ||||
| Study years: 2009–2013 | ||||
| APL 0406 [4] | 77 | ATRA + ATO or ATRA + Idarubicin | 0% | |
| Published: 2013 | ||||
| Study years: 2007–2010 | ||||
| Population-based studies | ||||
| Jeddi et al [17] | 41 | ATRA/Daunorubicin/ara-C or ATRA + Idarubicin | 16% | time to ATRA not reported |
| Published: 2008 | ||||
| Study years: 1998–2006 | ||||
| Lehmann et al [18] | 105 | ATRA based or no treatment in 21% of patients with ED | 29% | Patients with ED: |
| Published: 2011 | First health-care contact to first contact with hematologist: 1 day (R, 0–17 days) | |||
| Study years: 1997–2006 | ||||
| First contact with hematologist to diagnosis: 1 day (R, −1 to 8 days) | ||||
| Diagnosis to start of ATRA treatment: 0 days (R, −2 to 5 days) | ||||
| McClellan et al. [19] | 70 | ATRA based or no treatment in 6% of patients | 26% | Time from presentation to the hospital to ATRA: |
| Published: 2012 | Patients with ED: 1 day | |||
| Study years: 1997–2009 | Patients without ED: 1.25 days (p > .1). | |||
| Park et al. [20] | 1400 | No information about treatment (SEER study) | 17.3% | time to ATRA not reported |
| Published: 2011 | ||||
| Study years: 1992–2011 | ||||
| Altman et al. [21] | 204 | 11% | Initial presentation to suspicion of APL: 1 day (R, 0–37 days; 95% CI, 0–9 days) | |
| Published: 2013 | ||||
| Study years: 1992–2009 | Suspicion of APL to ordering ATRA: 1 day (R, 0–99 days; 95%CI, 0–6.5 days | |||
| Ordering ATRA to its administration: 0 days (R, 0–3 days; 95%CI, 0–1 day) | ||||
| Presentation to ATRA administration: 2 days (R, 0–100 days, 95%CI, 0–16 days) | ||||
ED: early death; EDR: early death rate; R: range; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; PETHEMA: Progra]ma para el Estudio de la Terapéutica en Hemopatía Maligna; JALSG: Japan Adult Leukemia Study Group; GAMLCG: The German Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cooperative Group; GIMEMA: Gruppo Italiano Malattie EMatologiche dell’Adulto; ATRA: all-trans retinoic acid; ara-C: cytarabine.