Figure 1.

Demographic and clinical feature selection using the LASSO binary logistic regression model. (A) The selection of the best parameter (lambda) in the LASSO model uses 5-fold cross-validation with the lowest standard. The relationship curve between partial likelihood deviation (binomial deviation) and log(lambda) was plotted. Dotted vertical lines were drawn at the optimal values by using the minimum criteria and the 1 SE of the minimum criteria (the 1 – SE criteria). (B) LASSO coefficient profiles of the 11 features. A coefficient profile plot was produced against the log(lambda) sequence. Vertical line was drawn at the value selected using 5-fold cross-validation, where optimal lambda resulted in five features with non-zero coefficients. LASSO, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; SE, standard error.