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Expression analysis of off-target genes of VIGS PDS fragment. Off-target genes were identified using pssRNAit, and level of expression was assessed using RT-qPCR. Average values of three biological replicates were used to generate bar graphs. Error bars indicate the se. Different letters above the bars indicate a significant difference from two-way ANOVA at P < 0.05 with Tukey’s HSD mean-separation test (α = 0.05).
