Figure 7.

Physiological changes in transgenic apple plants under abiotic stress and the expression level of stress-related downstream genes in transgenic lines under normal conditions. A, Pro and MDA concentration, SOD, and CAT activity, H₂O₂ concentration of transgenic and nontransgenic apple plants subjected to salt and osmotic stress, and changes in relative water content in leaves of transgenic and nontransgenic apple plants under drought stress. B, Expression levels of stress-related downstream genes in transgenic apple plants. The data are presented as means ± sd from three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate significant differences between the transgenic lines and ‘GL-3’ based on Duncan’s multiple range test (*P < 0.05). FW, fresh weight.