Table 1.
Protein Levels of Human OSTα and OSTβ in Various Tissues and Cell Types from Healthy Individuals.
| Tissue | Adrenal Gland | Appendix | Cerebellum | Colon | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cell Type | Glandular Cells | Glandular Cells | Purk inje Cells | Glandular Cells | Peripheral Nerve/Ganglion |
| OSTα Level | Not detected* | Medium | Not detected* | Low | Low |
| OSTβ Level | Not detected* | Medium | Not detected* | Medium | Not detected |
| Tissue | Epididymis | Hippocampus | Kidney | Liver | |
| Cell Type | Glandular Cells | Neuronal Cells | Cells in Tubules | Bile Duct Cells | Hepatocytes |
| OSTα Level | Low | Not detected* | Low | Not detected* | Low |
| OSTβ Level | Not detected | Not detected* | Low | Not detected | Not detected |
| Tissue | Prostate | Rectum | Seminal Vesicle | Skin | |
| Cell Type | Glandular Cells | Glandular Cells | Glandular Cells | Keratinocytes | Epidermal Cells |
| OSTα Level | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
| OSTβ Level | Not detected | Medium | Not detected | Not detected | Not detected |
| Tissue | Small Intestine | Stomach | Testis | ||
| Cell Type | Glandular Cells | Glandular Cells | Cells in Seminiferous Ducts | Leydig Cells | |
| OSTα Level | Medium | Low | Not detected | Medium | |
| OSTβ Level | High | Low/Medium | Low | Not detected | |
Data on protein levels were obtained from The Human Protein Atlas version 19 and Ensembl version 92.38 and were determined using microarray-based immunohistochemistry. A color scale was applied to each column separately, with dark green and red denoting the highest and lowest levels of expression, respectively. When comparing this table to the main text, discrepancies can be noted with other publications, which may be due to differences in sample preparation, antibodies utilized, data analysis, and/or other procedures (e.g., colorimetric versus fluorescence-based detection, with varying sensitivities).
Although The Human Protein Atlas did not report positive staining for OSTα and/or OSTβ in adrenal glandular cells, cerebellar cells, hippocampal cells or bile duct cells, previous studies revealed that OSTα and OSTβ levels were detected in the zona reticularis of the adrenal gland, Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, and cornu ammonis cells of the hippocampus (Fang, et al., 2010), while OSTα levels have been reported in cholangiocytes (Ballatori, et al., 2005). Various other cell types not included in the table also were evaluated by The Human Protein Atlas. OSTα and OSTβ protein were not detectable in adipose tissue (adipocytes), appendix (lymphoid tissue), bone marrow (hematopoietic cells), breast (adipocytes, glandular and myoepithelial cells), bronchus (respiratory epithelial cells), caudate (glial and neuronal cells), cerebellum (granular and molecular layer cells), cerebral cortex (endothelial, glial, neuronal cells and neuropil), colon (endothelial cells), endometrium (endometrial stroma and glandular cells), esophagus (squamous epithelial cells), Fallopian tube (glandular cells), gallbladder (glandular cells), heart muscle (myocytes), hippocampus (glial cells), kidney (glomerular cells), lung (macrophages and pneumocytes), lymph node (non-germinal center cells), nasopharynx (respiratory epithelial cells), oral mucosa (squamous epithelial cells), ovary (ovarian stroma cells), pancreas (exocrine glandular cells and islets of Langerhans), parathyroid gland (glandular cells), placenta (trophoblastic cells), salivary gland (glandular cells), skeletal muscle (myocytes), skin (fibroblasts, Langerhans and melanocytes), smooth muscle (smooth muscle cells), soft tissue (chondrocytes, fibroblasts and peripheral nerve), spleen (red pulp cells), thyroid gland (glandular cells), tonsil [(non)-germinal center and squamous epithelial cells], urinary bladder (urothelial cells), uterine cervix (glandular and squamous epithelial cells), and vagina (squamous epithelial cells). OSTα protein was not detectable in lymph node (germinal center cells) and spleen (white pulp cells). OSTβ protein was not detectable in placenta (decidual cells).