Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants by diabetes status at baseline.
| Diabetes | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variable* | Yes (n=8381) |
No (n=139,827) |
P-value** |
| Age at screening (%) | <.0001 | ||
| 50–59 | 2152(25.7) | 47,563(34.0) | |
| 60–69 | 4,131(49.3) | 62,497(44.7) | |
| 70–79 | 2,098(25.0) | 29,767(21.3) | |
| Race/ethnicity (%) | <.0001 | ||
| White (not of Hispanic origin) | 5,491(65.7) | 116,871(83.8) | |
| Black/African-American | 1,800(21.5) | 11,522(8.3) | |
| Other | 1,065(12.8) | 11,101(8.0) | |
| Education (%) | <.0001 | ||
| ≤ High school | 2,660(32.0) | 30,473(22.0) | |
| School after high school | 3,379(40.6) | 52,315(37.7) | |
| College degree or higher | 2,279(27.4) | 56,002(40.4) | |
| Occupation (%) | <.0001 | ||
| Managerial/professional | 2,653(34.6) | 54,459(42.5) | |
| Tech/sales/administrative | 2,160(28.2) | 38,176(29.8) | |
| Service/labor | 1,891(24.7) | 22,272(17.4) | |
| Homemaker only/other | 954(12.5) | 13,252(10.3) | |
| Smoking status (%) | <.0001 | ||
| Never smokers | 4,277(52.0) | 70,702(51.2) | |
| Former smokers | 3,388(41.2) | 57,782(41.9) | |
| Current smokers | 562(6.8) | 9,569(6.9) | |
| Smoking intensity | |||
| Never smokers | 4,277(53.4) | 70,702(52.6) | <.0001 |
| Former smokers | <.0001 | ||
| YSQ<10 | 750(9.4) | 14,473(10.8) | |
| 10≤YSQ<20 | 738(9.2) | 14,011(10.4) | |
| 20≤YSQ<30 | 935(11.7) | 14,535(10.8) | |
| YSQ≥30 | 748(9.3) | 11,103(8.3) | |
| Current smokers | <.0001 | ||
| Cigarettes/day<15 | 292(3.7) | 4,992(3.7) | |
| Cigarettes/day≥15 | 270(3.4) | 4,577(3.4) | |
| BMI (%, kg/m2) | <.0001 | ||
| Underweight or Normal (<25.0) | 1183(14.1) | 51,726(37.0) | |
| Overweight (25.0 – 29.9) | 2,359(28.2) | 48,805(34.9) | |
| Obesity (≥30.0) | 4,839(57.7) | 39,296(28.1) | |
| Physical activity (MET-hours/week) (%) | <.0001 | ||
| 0 | 1,754(21.83) | 20,500(15.44) | |
| 0.1–4.9 | 2,150(26.75) | 27,445(20.7) | |
| 5.0–9.9 | 1,438(17.9) | 22,951(17.3) | |
| 10.0–19.9 | 1,560(19.4) | 32,277(24.3) | |
| ≥ 20 | 1,134(14.1) | 29,606(22.3) | |
| Family history of cancer (%) | 5,081(62.7) | 88,631(65.4) | <.0001 |
| Observational Study (%) | 4,378(52.2) | 78,453(56.1) | <.0001 |
| HT trial (%) | <.0001 | ||
| Not randomized to HT | 6,521(77.8) | 115,285(82.5) | |
| E-alone intervention | 465(5.6) | 4,588(3.3) | |
| E-alone control | 476(5.7) | 4,642(3.3) | |
| E+P intervention | 467(5.6) | 7,846(5.6) | |
| E+P control | 452(5.4) | 7,466(5.3) | |
| DM trial (%) | 0.07 | ||
| Not randomized to DM | 5,642(67.3) | 95,798(68.5) | |
| Intervention | 1,093(13.0) | 17,634(12.6) | |
| Control | 1,646(19.6) | 26,395(18.9) | |
| CaD trial (%) | 0.77 | ||
| Not randomized to CaD | 6,429(76.7) | 106,828(76.4) | |
| Intervention | 983(11.7) | 16,501(11.8) | |
| Control | 969(11.6) | 16,498(11.8) | |
| Total AHEI-2010 diet score | 51.3(10.1) | 52.0(10.4) | <.0001 |
Abbreviation: HT, Hormone Therapy; E, estrogen; P, progestin; DM, Dietary Modification; CaD, Calcium and Vitamin D; BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; YSQ, years since quitting. AHEI, Alternative Healthy Eating index.
Values are (n, %), if not specified.
P-values were computed for comparison of differences between women with and without diabetes at baseline. The differences for continuous variables were tested by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests, non-ordinal categorical variables for tested by chi-square tests, and ordinal variables (including age, total physical activity, smoking intensity among former and current smokers, and BMI) were tested by the Wilcoxon Rank-Sum tests.