FIG 2.

Role of NodD1 and NodD2 in activation of nodA and nodF promoters. β-galactosidase assays were conducted on TA1 nodD mutant derivatives containing nodA or nodF promoter reporter plasmids in response to 10 μM synthetic DHF. The DMSO-only controls are superimposed on the DHF-induced treatment data. (A) nodA promoter induction. (B) nodF promoter induction. Each symbol represents a biological replicate. Error bars represent ± SEM. Asterisks indicate significant difference between the treated samples determined using one-way ANOVA (Tukey’s multiple comparisons post hoc test, *, P < 0.05; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001).