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. 2020 Aug 10;9(1):1800971. doi: 10.1080/20013078.2020.1800971

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© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group on behalf of The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Figure 8. — Regulatory gene and protein interaction network.

Computational molecular interaction network prediction based on anti-ageing genes and hESC-sEVs proteins associated with the significant pathways in the Ingenuity Pathways Knowledge Base (IPKB). Node properties are indicated by shape. Interactions between the different nodes are given as solid (direct interaction) and dashed (indirect interaction) lines (edges) for the different interaction types. This network received a high score by IPA and identified a synergistic and complex regulatory relationship between hESC-sEVs proteins (outer ring) and the up-regulated anti-ageing genes (inner ring). Several types of proteins (kinase, cytokine, phosphatase, transporter, transcription regulator, G-protein coupled receptor, translation regulator, enzyme) can regulate the expression of anti-ageing genes via direct or indirect interaction, or through the activation of canonical signalling pathways (Wnt, AMPK, PTEN, Sirtuin signalling).