Table 4.

Availability of veterinarians and consultation behavior according to dairy farmers in Karnal, Kolkata, Bangalore, and Guwahati (September–October 2018).

Site	Access to veterinary services	Animal health seeking behavior of dairy farmers
Karnal	Low	Consult private veterinary practitioners (consultation fees of USD 3–13). Consult veterinarian on the phone if not able to come to farm. Use home remedies.
Kolkata	Low	Consult local pharmacists, or homeopathic practitioners, ‘quacks’. Consult veterinarians if available. Use home remedies.
Bangalore	High	Consult veterinarians from Karnataka milk federation (KMF) or state veterinarians. Use home remedies.
Guwahati	Low	Use ‘old prescriptions’; home remedies. Consult private veterinary practitioners. Consult paravet or veterinarian if problem persisted. Consult veterinarian on the phone if not able to come to farm.