Figure 1.

Purification of EVs from L. plantarum APsulloc. (a) TRPS analysis of ultracentrifugation (UC)- or OptiPrep density UC (Density)-purified LEVs. The purification of LEVs using two UC methods was performed a minimum of three times and representative TRPS results are shown for each method. (b) Protein concentration and particle numbers of purified LEVs. Conc., concentration; No., number. (c) Bio-TEM and cryo-EM image analyses of density-purified LEVs. The outlined LEV images are enlarged and the lipid bilayer indicated by black and white arrows. Black and white arrowheads indicate the potential double membrane of the vesicles. Scale bars, 200 nm.