Table 1.

Physicochemical characterisation of exosomes.

Exosome	Concentration (particle/mL) a,d,e	Size (mode, nm) a,d,e	Zeta potential (mV)b,d,e	Total protein concentration (µg/mL)c,d	Exosome to protein ratio (particles/µg) a,c
PANC-1	7.3 ± 0.3 × 1012	101.0 ± 5.4	−15.0 ± 1.8	100.7 ± 9.3	7.3 × 1010
B16-F10	1.0 ± 0.3 × 1013 **	101.0 ± 2.0	−16.0 ± 2.6	116.8 ± 9.1	8.9 × 1010
HEK-293	7.0 ± 0.2 × 1012	107.0 ± 8.2	−16.7 ± 1.0	84.3 ± 9.8	8.3 × 1010

^aValues were obtained using nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). Exosomes were isolated from 15 mL of supernatants from CELLine AD1000 bioreactor flasks. Pellets were resuspended in 0.4 mL PBS prior to NTA measurement.

^bSamples were diluted 10 times with water before measurement by Zetasizer Nano ZS at 25°C.

^cQuantified using micro BCA protein assay.

^dResults are expressed as mean ± SD, where n = 3.

^eOne-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis (ns: p > 0.05, p* < 0.05, p** < 0.01).