Table 13.

Life satisfaction estimates using WVS 2–6 with controls for gender, education, marital and labor force status, and age < 70

	Age	T	Age2	T	N	Age minimum
a.) Wave 2 10-step life satisfaction 1990–1994
Developing
Argentina	− 0.1152	3.20	0.00148	3.54	921	39
Brazil	− 0.1512	3.84	0.00222	4.33	1770	34
Nigeria	− 0.2765	4.43	0.00327	3.97	979	42
Russia	− 0.0678	2.04	0.00089	2.27	1812	38
South Africa	− 0.0752	2.55	0.00095	2.74	2602	40
Turkey	− 0.1104	2.50	0.00110	2.04	1001	50
Advanced
Czech Rep.	− 0.1212	2.90	0.00138	2.82	878	44
Poland	− 0.1412	2.92	0.00158	2.87	875	45
Slovakia	− 0.1271	2.09	0.00172	2.39	446	37
b) Wave 3 10-step life satisfaction, 1995−1998
Developing
Albania	− 0.1169	3.18	0.00134	3.19	964	44
Azerbaijan	− 0.1040	3.04	0.00114	2.79	1,928	46
Argentine	− 0.1039	2.70	0.00113	2.54	990	46
Armenia	− 0.0922	3.03	0.00085	2.28	1,920	54
Belarus	− 0.0908	3.07	0.00084	2.39	1,902	54
Bosnia	− 0.1149	2.30	0.00111	1.94	767	52
China	− 0.0734	1.84	0.00082	1.73	1,454	45
Dominican R.	− 0.3589	3.09	0.00489	2.81	405	37
El Salvador	− 0.0809	2.31	0.00075	1.76	1,183	54
Georgia	− 0.0754	2.79	0.00051	1.61	1,887	74
Macedonia	− 0.1041	2.28	0.00092	1.67	955	57
Mexico	− 0.1511	4.86	0.00187	4.81	1,442	40
Moldova	− 0.1419	3.08	0.00153	2.70	904	46
Montenegro	− 0.1938	2.09	0.00252	2.35	228	38
Nigeria	− 0.1075	2.66	0.00143	2.87	1,943	38
Philippines	− 0.0853	2.20	0.00111	2.36	1,168	38
Russia	− 0.2076	6.24	0.00224	6.24	1,812	46
Serbia	− 0.0868	2.07	0.00092	1.91	11,617	47
South Africa	− 0.1061	3.36	0.00138	3.62	2,916	38
Turkey	− 0.1558	4.81	0.00187	4.77	1,848	42
Ukraine	− 0.0932	3.47	0.00087	2.77	2,438	54
Advanced countries
Australia	− 0.0721	3.39	0.00083	3.30	1,836	43
Bulgaria	− 0.0996	2.37	0.00093	1.86	930	54
Croatia	− 0.0865	2.36	0.00075	1.76	1,098	58
Czech Rep.	− 0.0765	2.12	0.00086	2.08	1,015	44
Estonia	− 0.1430	3.63	0.00151	3.13	968	47
Finland	− 0.1402	5.31	0.00168	5.36	911	42
Germany	− 0.0934	3.37	0.00108	3.29	1854	43
Hungary	− 0.1548	3.04	0.00133	2.25	579	58
Japan	− 0.0645	1.74	0.00065	1.59	973	50
Latvia	− 0.1912	5.07	0.00120	4.29	1,124	80
New Zealand	− 0.0843	2.26	0.00130	3.00	1008	32
Norway	− 0.1115	3.59	0.00129	3.59	1,023	43
Poland	− 0.1454	4.00	0.00153	3.74	997	48
Romania	− 0.0963	2.50	0.00092	2.10	1,162	52
Slovakia	− 0.1746	4.29	0.00204	4.31	1,009	43
Slovenia	− 0.1208	3.14	0.00122	2.68	914	50
Spain	− 0.0954	2.88	0.00091	2.42	1,062	52
Sweden	− 0.1925	3.60	0.00140	3.38	910	69
Switzerland	− 0.0828	2.29	0.00103	2.48	1,053	40
USA	− 0.0884	3.06	0.00106	3.22	1262	42
c) Wave 4 life satisfaction, 1999–2004
Developing
Argentina	− 0.1078	3.20	0.00110	2.82	1,169	49
Bangladesh	− 0.1448	3.54	0.00193	3.75	1,375	38
China	− 0.1214	2.14	0.00147	2.20	934	41
Iraq	− 0.0612	2.09	0.00069	1.93	2,199	44
Israel	− 0.0973	2.59	0.00077	1.74	1,046	63
Jordan	− 0.0770	1.85	0.00102	2.06	1,173	38
Mexico	− 0.0683	2.05	0.00079	1.96	1,423	43
Peru	− 0.0673	1.81	0.00081	2.78	1,483	42
Philippines	− 0.0971	2.38	0.00119	2.46	1,146	41
Puerto Rico	− 0.0777	1.81	0.00103	2.09	620	38
Singapore	− 0.0513	1.78	0.00072	2.02	1,479	36
South Africa	− 0.1691	6.36	0.00206	6.41	2,837	41
South Korea	− 0.0956	1.93	0.00125	2.18	1,159	38
Tanzania	− 0.1319	2.42	0.00162	2.48	1,067	41
Turkey	− 0.1286	4.64	0.00139	4.17	3,005	46
Zimbabwe	− 0.1581	3.31	0.00182	3.15	959	43
Advanced countries
Canada	− 0.1388	5.64	0.00158	5.39	1,682	44
Japan	− 0.1163	3.22	0.00134	3.39	1,084	43
Macedonia	− 0.1519	3.17	0.00177	3.18	980	43
Serbia	− 0.1388	3.05	0.00129	2.52	1070	54
Sweden	− 0.0734	2.12	0.00083	2.08	927	44
USA	− 0.1522	5.49	0.00193	5.83	1,109	39
c) Wave 5 life satisfaction, 2005–2009
Developing countries
Chile	− 0.1238	3.44	0.00123	2.95	907	50
China	− 0.1538	4.43	0.00188	4.95	1,727	41
Georgia	− 0.1501	4.46	0.00145	3.66	1,297	52
Ghana	− 0.0777	1.86	0.00083	1.66	1,498	47
Indonesia	− 0.0512	1.51	0.00069	1.71	1,880	37
Iran	− 0.1074	3.65	0.00124	3.26	2,587	43
Malaysia	− 0.0938	2.53	0.00122	2.49	1,196	38
Mali	− 0.0949	2.38	0.00098	2.03	1,169	48
Russia	− 0.1250	4.06	0.00109	2.98	1,863	57
Serbia	− 0.1185	3.02	0.00097	2.07	1,053	61
Vietnam	− 0.0624	2.28	0.00072	2.31	1,377	43
South Africa	− 0.0766	3.10	0.00092	3.08	2,804	42
Taiwan	− 0.0580	1.51	0.00066	1.53	1,138	44
Trinidad	− 0.1118	3.05	0.00126	2.86	916	44
Turkey	− 0.1040	2.95	0.00111	2.60	1,310	47
Uruguay	− 0.0795	2.45	0.00087	2.31	847	46
Advanced countries
Australia	− 0.0904	3.13	0.00112	3.42	1,180	41
Bulgaria	− 0.1137	2.50	0.00104	2.03	871	55
Canada	− 0.1037	5.01	0.00122	4.92	1,812	43
Finland	− 0.0592	1.94	0.00067	1.90	876	44
France	− 0.1289	3.18	0.00134	2.76	854	48
Germany	− 0.1445	5.20	0.00143	4.54	1,701	51
Hungary	− 0.1526	3.80	0.00152	3.28	912	50
Italy	− 0.1233	3.52	0.00121	3.13	914	51
Japan	− 0.1628	4.21	0.00174	4.15	924	47
New Zealand	− 0.0978	2.50	0.00125	2.85	744	39
Romania	− 0.1304	3.78	0.00127	3.18	1,384	51
Slovenia	− 0.1184	3.12	0.00106	2.41	897	56
Switzerland	− 0.1142	3.48	0.00122	3.45	1,018	47
UK	− 0.0663	2.29	0.00077	2.07	885	43
USA	− 0.1258	4.45	0.00138	4.22	1,084	46
d) Wave 6 life satisfaction, 2010–2014
Developing countries
Algeria	− 0.2262	5.23	0.00275	5.22	1,119	41
Armenia	− 0.1442	3.08	0.00127	2.29	935	57
Belarus	− 0.1377	4.18	0.00133	3.44	1,394	52
Brazil	− 0.0514	1.76	0.00065	1.89	1,382	40
China	− 0.0513	2.03	0.00059	2.09	2,142	43
Egypt	− 0.1150	2.68	0.00145	2.85	1,452	40
Georgia	− 0.1746	4.77	0.00144	3.34	1,070	61
Iraq	− 0.0791	2.12	0.00098	2.18	1,176	40
Kuwait	− 0.0859	1.93	0.00108	1.98	1,196	40
Lebanon	− 0.0715	1.99	0.00067	1.58	1,117	53
Libya	− 0.0734	2.16	0.00095	2.33	2,065	39
Mexico	− 0.0592	2.67	0.00069	2.55	1,908	43
Philippines	− 0.1024	2.31	0.00108	2.00	1,134	47
Russia	− 0.1170	4.41	0.00137	3.62	2,152	43
South Africa	− 0.0616	2.59	0.00068	2.28	3,428	45
Tunisia	− 0.1188	2.71	0.00133	2.67	1,145	45
Ukraine	− 0.0919	2.33	0.00080	1.75	1,267	57
Uzbekistan	− 0.1500	4.78	0.00159	4.07	1,411	47
Zimbabwe	− 0.0851	2.56	0.00104	2.41	1,467	43
Advanced countries
Australia	− 0.0990	3.16	0.00185	3.47	1,198	27
Estonia	− 0.1566	5.18	0.00148	4.31	1,272	53
Germany	− 0.0737	2.94	0.00066	2.33	1,709	56
Japan	− 0.1523	5.91	0.00161	5.82	2,021	47
Netherlands	− 0.0861	3.75	0.00103	4.06	1,535	42
New Zealand	− 0.0929	2.23	0.00115	2.46	660	40
Poland	− 0.2224	5.67	0.00224	4.91	832	51
Romania	− 0.1395	3.66	0.00135	3.11	1,294	52
Slovenia	− 0.0851	1.91	0.00078	1.54	890	55
Spain	− 0.1252	3.83	0.00128	3.40	1,002	49
Sweden	− 0.1311	4.85	0.00161	5.17	997	41
USA	− 0.0740	3.36	0.00076	3.06	1,965	49