Table 4.
Four-step life satisfaction estimates using 2009–2019 Eurobarometers with controls for gender, marital and labor force status, and education and age < 70
| Age | T-statistic | Age2 | T-statistic | N | Age minimum | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| With controls | − 0.03085 | 81.28 | 0.000322 | 75.04 | 1,023,015 | 48 |
| + 8 cohort dummies | − 0.02454 | 35.50 | 0.000263 | 35.92 | 1,023,015 | 47 |
| Western Europe | ||||||
| Austria | − 0.01328 | 6.77 | 0.00013 | 5.92 | 34,704 | 51 |
| Belgium | − 0.03139 | 16.10 | 0.00038 | 17.45 | 34,717 | 41 |
| Cyprus | − 0.03400 | 10.23 | 0.00036 | 9.66 | 19,407 | 47 |
| Denmark | − 0.02926 | 18.57 | 0.00034 | 19.66 | 31,369 | 43 |
| Finland | − 0.03236 | 18.13 | 0.00034 | 17.11 | 31,009 | 48 |
| France | − 0.03573 | 17.81 | 0.00036 | 15.61 | 33,864 | 50 |
| Greece | − 0.03560 | 13.56 | 0.00029 | 9.87 | 33,219 | 61 |
| Iceland (non-EU) | − 0.03835 | 8.24 | 0.00036 | 6.92 | 6,293 | 53 |
| Ireland | − 0.02238 | 12.36 | 0.00025 | 12.50 | 35,756 | 45 |
| Italy | − 0.01214 | 5.44 | 0.00011 | 4.26 | 36,190 | 55 |
| Luxembourg | − 0.01417 | 5.86 | 0.00018 | 6.56 | 19,087 | 39 |
| Malta | − 0.03037 | 11.17 | 0.00032 | 10.58 | 17,646 | 47 |
| Netherlands | − 0.04166 | 20.97 | 0.00047 | 21.95 | 35,011 | 44 |
| Norway (non-EU) | − 0.02499 | 5.25 | 0.00027 | 5.14 | 3,451 | 46 |
| Portugal | − 0.01954 | 10.11 | 0.00018 | 8.46 | 35,008 | 54 |
| Spain | − 0.03917 | 18.67 | 0.00042 | 17.57 | 34,432 | 47 |
| Sweden | − 0.03479 | 17.22 | 0.00039 | 17.96 | 27,961 | 45 |
| UK | − 0.03605 | 22.61 | 0.00042 | 23.04 | 43,046 | 43 |
| West Germany | − 0.03110 | 15.93 | 0.00035 | 15.80 | 31,394 | 44 |
| EU28 Eastern Europe | ||||||
| Bulgaria | − 0.01523 | 6.55 | 0.00010 | 3.73 | 35,829 | 76 |
| Croatia | − 0.02929 | 12.82 | 0.00026 | 9.83 | 33,818 | 56 |
| Czech Republic | − 0.02812 | 14.45 | 0.00028 | 12.77 | 37,772 | 50 |
| East Germany | − 0.01538 | 6.20 | 0.00018 | 6.21 | 18,477 | 43 |
| Estonia | − 0.03586 | 17.90 | 0.00034 | 15.40 | 31,225 | 53 |
| Hungary | − 0.03900 | 17.48 | 0.00040 | 15.82 | 35,863 | 49 |
| Latvia | − 0.03899 | 20.92 | 0.00038 | 17.54 | 36,568 | 51 |
| Lithuania | − 0.04834 | 20.65 | 0.00047 | 17.71 | 30,346 | 51 |
| Poland | − 0.02464 | 13.15 | 0.00023 | 10.61 | 35,405 | 54 |
| Romania | − 0.01912 | 8.59 | 0.00015 | 5.73 | 37,442 | 64 |
| Slovakia | − 0.02479 | 11.91 | 0.00025 | 10.59 | 36,206 | 50 |
| Slovenia | − 0.02116 | 10.53 | 0.00018 | 8.06 | 34,052 | 59 |
| Developing countries | ||||||
| Albania | − 0.02035 | 3.49 | 0.00014 | 2.14 | 7,125 | 73 |
| Macedonia | − 0.03424 | 8.19 | 0.00036 | 7.52 | 14,871 | 48 |
| Montenegro | − 0.02060 | 3.70 | 0.00013 | 1.91 | 9,434 | 79 |
| Serbia | − 0.02839 | 6.27 | 0.00022 | 4.15 | 12,213 | 65 |
| Turkey | − 0.01173 | 3.43 | 0.00010 | 2.51 | 19,150 | 59 |
| Turkish Cyprus | − 0.01104 | 2.86 | 0.00011 | 2.35 | 13,655 | 50 |