Table 8.

Happiness estimates using European Quality of Life Surveys, 2003–2016, with controls and age < 70

	Age	T-statistic	Age2	T-statistic	N	Age minimum
Western Europe
Austria	− 0.07609	4.02	0.00080	3.63	3,823	48
Belgium	− 0.03418	2.14	0.00041	2.25	3,332	42
Cyprus	− 0.05727	2.52	0.00045	1.81	2,935	62
Denmark	− 0.08123	5.45	0.00094	5.72	3,180	43
Germany	− 0.06885	5.01	0.00070	4.53	6,204	49
Greece	− 0.06728	3.42	0.00047	2.13	3,267	72
Finland	− 0.07151	5.58	0.00081	5.59	3,207	44
France	− 0.06200	4.22	0.00065	3.73	4,946	48
Iceland	− 0.05860	2.31	0.00063	2.25	863	47
Ireland	− 0.04322	2.75	0.00053	2.95	3,458	41
Italy	− 0.08844	6.38	0.00080	5.20	5,788	55
Luxembourg	− 0.03942	2.08	0.00045	2.09	3,001	44
Malta	− 0.03869	2.08	0.00039	1.84	3,027	50
Norway	− 0.08163	2.61	0.00068	1.91	801	60
Netherlands	− 0.06157	4.64	0.00073	4.85	3,404	42
Portugal	− 0.08224	4.60	0.00077	3.82	3,194	53
Spain	− 0.08630	5.78	0.00079	4.62	3,674	55
Sweden	− 0.04317	2.77	0.00053	3.02	3,316	41
UK	− 0.09113	6.07	0.00104	6.03	4,741	44
Eastern Europe
Bulgaria	− 0.09586	4.40	0.00080	3.22	3,173	60
Croatia	− 0.14282	6.03	0.00133	4.96	2,494	54
Estonia	− 0.08739	4.18	0.00076	3.21	2,740	57
Hungary	− 0.12744	6.16	0.00121	5.06	3,314	53
Latvia	− 0.09430	4.72	0.00080	3.45	3,049	59
Lithuania	− 0.14705	6.63	0.00133	5.21	3,158	55
Poland	− 0.05997	3.59	0.00035	1.79	4,913	86
Romania	− 0.10512	5.41	0.00096	4.31	3,829	55
Developing countries
Albania	− 0.18169	2.90	0.00219	3.08	883	41
Kosovo	− 0.11663	2.86	0.00127	2.63	1,010	46
Macedonia	− 0.11875	4.54	0.00108	3.63	2,649	55
Montenegro	− 0.07410	2.73	0.00061	1.88	1,839	61
Serbia	− 0.14005	4.44	0.00124	3.44	1,816	56
Turkey	− 0.05616	3.67	0.00066	3.68	6,581	43