Table 1. Potential energy functions used in the subcellular element model.
| Energy term | Type | Physical representation |
|---|---|---|
| Ev | Morse | Volume exclusion |
| Enuc | Morse | Size of nucleus |
| EadhL | Spring | E-cadherin (cell-cell adhesion) |
| EadhB | Spring | Integrin (cell-ECM adhesion) |
| EadhA | Spring | Adhesion between columnar and squamous cells |
| Econt | Spring | Actomyosin contractility inside the cells and beneath the nucleus |
| Ememb | Spring | Actomyosin contractility at the cell cortex and membrane stiffness |
| Eecm | Spring | Extracellular matrix stiffness |
| Evol | Lagrange multiplier | Volume conservation of cytoplasm for each cell |