Table 3. Effect of dietary intervention on anthropometric and biochemical markers (Δchanges produced between post- and preintervention) in CHD patients classified according to the severity of endothelial dysfunction1.
| Severe Endothelial Dysfunction, FMD < 2% (n = 253) | Nonsevere Endothelial Dysfunction, FMD ≥ 2% (n = 552) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low-fat diet (n = 121) | Mediterranean diet (n = 132) | Group difference2 (95% CI) | p-value* | Low-fat diet (n = 266) | Mediterranean diet (n = 286) | Group difference2 (95% CI) | p-value* | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.61 ± 0.03 | −1.02 ± 0.07 | −0.41 (−0.59 to 0.13) | 0.089 | −0.60 ± 0.07 | −0.51 ± 0.02 | 0.09 (−0.19 to 0.25) | 0.891 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | −2.10 ± 0.31 | −2.82 ± 0.31 | −0.72 (−0.91 to 0.38) | 0.333 | 1.76 ± 0.40 | 2.41 ± 0.40 | 0.65 (−0.11 to 0.98) | 0.190 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | −0.31 ± 0.20 | −0.10 ± 0.05 | 0.21 (−0.31 to 0.32) | 0.522 | −0.30 ± 0.02 | 0.42 ± 0.06 | 0.72 (0.21 to 0.92) | 0.026 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 1.63 ± 0.12 | 0.69 ± 0.09 | −0.94 (−1.25 to 0.63) | 0.103 | 1.32 ± 0.91 | 2.02 ± 0.89 | 0.70 (−0.25 to 1.03) | 0.217 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 0.49 ± 0.02 | −4.50 ± 0.22 | −4.99 (−5.88 to −3.14) | 0.036 | −14.2 ± 2.1 | −9.10 ± 1.50 | 5.10 (−20.1 to 10.1) | 0.541 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | −0.82 ± 0.03 | −1.05 ± 0.09 | −0.23 (−0.41 to 0.01) | 0.678 | −1.61 ± 0.32 | −3.31 ± 0.21 | −1.70 (−2.01 to −1.56) | 0.040 |
| Fasting insulin (mU/L) | −2.15 ± 0.12 | −2.76 ± 0.81 | −0.61 (−1.04 to 0.18) | 0.781 | −1.82 ± 0.93 | −2.91 ± 0.65 | −1.09 (−1.34 to 0.68) | 0.588 |
| HbA1c (%) | −0.10 ± 0.02 | −0.03 ± 0.01 | 0.07 (−0.17 to 0.30) | 0.905 | −0.04 ± 0.02 | −0.14 ± 0.03 | −0.01 (−0.19 to 0.15) | 0.813 |
| hsCRP (mg/mL) | 0.14 ± 0.03 | −0.19 ± 0.01 | −0.05 (−0.30 to 0.03) | 0.219 | 0.09 ± 0.08 | −0.61 ± 0.03 | −0.70 (−0.84 to −0.18) | 0.035 |
1FMD of the brachial artery < 2%: severe endothelial dysfunction; ≥2%: nonsevere dysfunction. Values are represented as the mean (Δchanges produced between post- and preintervention) ± standard error.
2Group difference: *p < 0.05, differences in Δchanges in the Mediterranean group compared with Δchanges in the low-fat group. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CHD, coronary heart disease; CI, confidence interval; FMD, flow-mediated dilation; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; hsCRP, high sensitive C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein.