Table 4.
Baseline clinical characteristics of the patients with and without apathy progression.
| Variable |
Total n = 141 |
△short‐form LARS> 0 n = 70 |
△short‐form LARS ≤ 0 n = 71 |
P‐value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex, n (%) 1 | 76 (53.90) | 41 (58.57) | 35 (49.30) | 0.269 |
| Age (years)*, 2 | 69.35 ± 8.42 | 71.97 ± 6.93 | 66.45 ± 8.96 | <0.001* |
| Age at PD onset, (years) 3 | 63.09 ± 9.11 | 65.37 ± 8.00 | 60.83 ± 9.63 | 0.001* |
| Disease duration (years) 3 | 6.18 ± 4.53 | 6.61 ± 4.98 | 5.75 ± 4.03 | 0.345 |
| Hoehn and Yahr stage 3 | 2.29 ± 0.70 | 2.41 ± 0.75 | 2.18 ± 0.64 | 0.069 |
| Wearing off, n (%) 1 | 57 (40.43) | 33 (47.14) | 24 (33.80) | 0.107 |
| Dyskinesia, n (%) 1 | 15 (10.64) | 8 (11.43) | 7 (9.86) | 0.762 |
| Freezing of gait, n (%) 1 | 48 (34.04) | 28 (40) | 20 (28.17) | 0.138 |
| MMSE score 3 | 26.84 ± 3.03 | 26.40 ± 3.29 | 27.27 ± 2.70 | 0.128 |
| HAMD‐24 score 3 | 9.57 ± 7.23 | 9.86 ± 6.89 | 9.30 ± 7.59 | 0.422 |
| Depression, n (%) 1 | 83 (58.87) | 43 (61.43) | 40 (56.34) | 0.539 |
| EDS, n (%) 1 | 37 (26.24) | 19 (27.14) | 18 (25.35) | 0.658 |
| PDSS score 3 | 118.83 ± 20.22 | 118.04 ± 21.15 | 119.61 ± 19.38 | 0.866 |
| RBD, n (%) 1 | 74 (52.48) | 38 (54.29) | 36 (50.70) | 0.670 |
| Fatigue, n (%) 1 | 31 (21.99) | 19 (27.14) | 12 (16.90) | 0.142 |
| NMS score 3 | 34.18 ± 25.75 | 37.63 ± 27.48 | 30.77 ± 23.62 | 0.115 |
| PDQ‐39 score 3 | 21.30 ± 17.73 | 24.07 ± 19.81 | 18.58 ± 15.05 | 0.123 |
| WMH Fazekas scale 3 | 2.16 ± 1.29 | 2.90 ± 1.31 | 1.42 ± 0.75 | <0.001* |
| Short‐form LARS 3 | −6.30 ± 6.10 | −6.16 ± 6.86 | −6.65 ± 4.97 | 0.628 |
Abbreviations: PD, Parkinson’s disease; LED, Levodopa Equivalent Dose; DA, Dopamine agonists; MAO‐B, Monoamine oxidase‐B; UPDRS, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; MMSE, Mini‐Mental State Examination; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; EDS, excessive daytime sleepiness; PDSS, Parkinson’s Disease Sleep Scale; RBD, Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder; ICRDs, Impulse control and related disorders; NMS, non‐motor symptom; PDQ‐39, 39‐item Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire; WMH, white matter hyperintensities; LARS, Lille Apathy Rating Scale.
Chi‐squared tests for categorical variables. Values are expressed as a number (percentage).
Student t tests for continuous variables with a parametric distribution.
Mann‐Whitney U tests for continuous variables with a nonparametric distribution.
Statistically significant (P < 0.05).