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Self-perpetuating cycle of microglial activation and neuron damage during neurodegeneration. Microglia recognize, uptake, and phagocytose inflammatory stimuli, the prolonged exposure to which results in chronic microglial activation. The activation of microglia initiates the release of neurotoxic free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which, in turn, leads to neuronal damage and further stress on microglia, leading to microgliosis.
