Table 2.
Regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) for stressful life events and change in cognitive function by domain, race, and model
| Speed & flexibility | African American (N = 50) |
White (N = 1191) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Stress | −0.11 (−0.23, 0.006) | −0.12 (−0.23, −0.02)* | −0.13 (−0.24, −0.03)* | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)* | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)* | −0.03 (−0.05, −0.01)* |
| Age | −0.07 (−0.12, −0.02)* | −0.08 (−0.13, −0.03)† | −0.08 (−0.14, −0.04)† | −0.05 (−0.06, −0.05)† | −0.06 (−0.06, −0.05)† | −0.06 (−0.07, −0.05)† |
| Stress* Age | 0.003 (−0.007, 0.013) | 0.001 (−0.008, 0.011) | 0.001 (−0.009, 0.010) | −0.000 (−0.001, 0.002) | −0.000 (−0.001, 0.002) | −0.000 (−0.002, 0.002) |
| Literacy | – | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11)† | 0.07 (0.03, 0.11)† | – | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05)† | 0.03 (0.02, 0.05)† |
| BMI | – | – | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.04) | – | – | −.001 (.−0.007, 0.005) |
| Past smoking | – | – | 0.10 (−0.49, 0.69) | – | – | −0.03 (−0.12, 0.07) |
| Current smoking | – | – | −0.14 (−0.77, 0.50) | – | – | −0.13 (−0.26, 0.01) |
| Working memory | African American (N = 50) |
White (N = 1191) |
||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Stress | −0.06 (−0.15, 0.03) | −0.05 (−0.13, 0.02) | −0.06 (−0.13, 0.02) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.01, 0.03) | 0.01 (−0.02, 0.03) |
| Age | −0.03 (−0.07, 0.02) | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.001)* | −0.04 (−0.08, −0.005)* | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.01)† | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.01)† | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.01)† |
| Stress* Age | 0.00 (−0.01, 0.01) | −0.001 (−0.006, 0.005) | −0.002 (−0.007, 0.004) | −0.000 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.000 (−0.001, 0.001) | 0.000 (−0.001, 0.002) |
| Literacy | – | 0.10 (0.06, 0.13)† | 0.10 (0.07, 0.14)† | – | 0.09 (0.08, 0.10)† | 0.09 0.08, 0.10)† |
| BMI | – | – | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.04) | – | – | −0.002 (−0.007, 0.004) |
| Past smoking | – | – | 0.12 (−0.41, 0.65) | – | – | 0.13 (0.04, 0.23)* |
| Current smoking | – | – | 0.06 (−0.49, 0.60) | – | – | 0.21 (0.09, 0.34)* |
| Verbal learning & memory | African American (N = 50) |
White (N = 1191) |
||||
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Stress | 0.00 (−0.08, 0.08) | −0.001 (−0.08, 0.08) | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.08) | −0.002 (−0.03, 0.02) | −0.002 (−0.03, 0.02) | −0.002 (−0.03, 0.02) |
| Age | 0.01 (−0.03, 0.04) | 0.01 (−0.04, 0.04) | −0.01 (−0.05, 0.04) | –0.03 (−0.04, −0.02)† | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.03)† | −0.03 (−0.04, −0.03)† |
| Stress*Age | −0.01 (−0.02, 0.00) | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.001)* | −0.01 (−0.02, −0.002)* | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) | 0.001 (−0.001, 0.003) |
| Literacy | – | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06) | 0.02 (−0.01, 0.06) | – | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06)† | 0.05 (0.04, 0.06)† |
| BMI | – | – | −0.01 (−0.04, 0.01) | – | – | 0.003 (−0.003, 0.009) |
| Past smoking | – | – | −0.07 (−0.58, 0.44) | – | – | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.06) |
| Current smoking | – | – | −0.45 (−1.06, 0.16) | – | – | −0.11 (−0.26, 0.03) |
All models additionally adjust for gender, years of education, APOE ε4 carrier status, and practice effects.
*
Significant at the p < 0.05 level.
†
Significant at the p < 0.001 level.