Table 2.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of PD patients.
| Variables | Total |
PSQI >5 |
PSQI ≤5 |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 119 (100%) | n = 82 (68.9%) | n = 37 (31.1%) | ||
| Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
| Age, years (mean ± SD) | 61.18 ± 8.77 | 61.41 ± 8.84 | 60.68 ± 8.71 | 0.441 |
| Sex, Female, n (%) | 58 (48.7%) | 43 (52.4%) | 15 (40.5%) | 0.229 |
| Education level, Junior college or below, n (%) | 79 (66.4%) | 55 (67.1%) | 24 (64.9%) | 0.813 |
| Geographic location, Wuhan, n (%) | 69 (58.0%) | 47 (57.3%) | 22 (59.5%) | 0.827 |
| Geographic location, Urban, n (%) | 91 (76.5%) | 59 (72.0%) | 32 (86.5%) | 0.084 |
| Clinical characteristics of PD | ||||
| Hoehn and Yahr scale, (mean ± SD) | 2.54 ± 1.40 | 2.67 ± 1.34 | 2.24 ± 1.50 | 0.074 |
| PIGD, n (%) | 81 (68.1%) | 62 (75.6%) | 19 (51.4%) | 0.009 |
| Tremor, n (%) | 71 (59.7%) | 50 (61.0%) | 21 (56.8%) | 0.664 |
| Disease duration (mean ± SD) | 6.84 ± 4.60 | 6.99 ± 4.45 | 6.51 ± 4.97 | 0.262 |
| Use of levodopa, n (%) | 112 (94.1%) | 79 (96.3%) | 33 (89.2%) | 0.265 |
| Use of dopamine agonists, n (%) | 90 (75.6%) | 62 (75.6%) | 28 (75.7%) | 0.994 |
| Use of MAOBI, n (%) | 37 (31.1%) | 26 (31.7%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.829 |
| Use of amantadine, n (%) | 23 (19.3%) | 19 (23.2%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.184 |
| Exacerbation of PD symptoms, n (%) | 66 (55.5%) | 54 (65.9%) | 12 (32.4%) | 0.001 |
| Psychological distress | ||||
| HADS-anxiety (mean ± SD) | 4.34 ± 3.87 | 5.30 ± 3.89 | 2.19 ± 2.88 | <0.001 |
| HADS-depression (mean ± SD) | 4.89 ± 4.19 | 5.61 ± 4.26 | 3.30 ± 3.60 | 0.002 |
| HADS-anxiety ≥ 8, n (%) | 25 (21.0%) | 22 (26.8%) | 3 (8.1%) | 0.038 |
| HADS-depression ≥ 8, n (%) | 27 (22.7%) | 23 (28.0%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.066 |
| Epidemic-related factors | ||||
| Following news about COVID-19, n (%) | 109 (91.6%) | 75 (91.5%) | 34 (91.9%) | 1.000 |
| Worry about getting COVID-19, n (%) | 17 (14.3%) | 13 (15.9%) | 4 (10.8%) | 0.657 |
| Negative effects on daily life, n (%) | 68 (57.1%) | 48 (58.5%) | 20 (54.1%) | 0.647 |
| Exercise, n (%) | 87 (73.1%) | 60 (73.2%) | 27 (73.0%) | 0.982 |
| COVID-19-related symptoms, n (%) | 9 (7.6%) | 9 (11.0%) | 0 (0%) | 0.085 |
| Inadequate medical consultation, n (%) | 86 (72.3%) | 65 (79.3%) | 21 (56.8%) | 0.011 |
| Difficulties in buying medicines, n (%) | 8 (6.7%) | 6 (7.3%) | 2 (5.4%) | 1.000 |
Continuous variables are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Categorical variables are expressed as frequency (percent).
Abbreviations: mean ± SD, mean and standard deviation; PD, Parkinson's disease; PIGD, Postural instability and gait disorder; MAOBI.
Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitor; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; HADS, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.
The bold in the table indicates P ＜ 0.05.