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. 2020 Sep 9;11:4522. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18301-2

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 6 — a Diagrams showing the two modes of cell wall growth in rod-shaped bacteria which are governed by distinct biosynthesis systems (Rod-system vs. divisome). Listed next to each diagram is the subset of antibiotics that preferentially target the respective PG synthesis system. b Heat map shows average Log2FIC scores resulting from pairwise interactions among seven antibiotics via the diagonal sampling method from n = 2 independent determinations. Blue indicates synergistic pairs, white indicates additive pairs, and red indicates antagonistic pairs. *Average Log2FIC was significantly different from 0 in one-sample t test (two-tailed p < 0.05; exact p values shown in Supplementary Table 3). c Validation of drug–drug interactions via checkerboard assay. Heat map shows bacterial growth in microplate wells containing no drug (lower left wells) or increasing amounts of each drug alone or in pairwise combinations. Drug concentrations increase linearly from left to right along x-axis, and bottom to top along y-axis. “Div” refers to Divisome, “Rod” refers to Rod-system. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.