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. 2020 Aug 27;11:1902. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01902

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Copyright © 2020 Alford, Baquir, Santana, Haney and Hancock.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The immunomodulatory features of cathelicidins. Immunomodulatory functions of cathelicidin HDPs include, but are not limited to: enhancing cellular killing capacity, differentiation and polarization of immune cells, leukocyte recruitment, induction or suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines, induction of type I IFN, alteration of signaling cascades and neutralization of bacterial ligands. These functions can be harnessed for anti-infective, anti-inflammatory, anti-sepsis and anti-cancer applications or contribute to wound healing, angiogenesis and improved vaccine effectiveness. DCs, dendritic cells; IFN, interferon; IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; LTA, lipotechoic acid; MAPKs, mitogen-activated protein kinases; NOS, nitrous oxide species; ROS, reactive oxygen species; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; TLRs, toll-like receptors; TNF, tumor necrosis factor.