FIGURE 5.

Pretreatment of the skin with HC-030031, a TRPA1 selective antagonist, altered TRPA1 expression and distribution (as detected by immunohistochemistry) in the trachea and skin tissues of guinea pigs with cough, the trunk-limbs of which were exposed to a cold environment. (A) TRPA1 expression and distribution (shown as brown staining) in the trachea of guinea pigs with cough (model); guinea pigs with cough, the trunk-limbs of which were exposed to a cold environment (model, cold exposure); and guinea pigs with cough, the trunk-limbs of which were exposed to a cold environment, but also had HC-030031-pretreated skin (model, skin pretreated). (B) TRPA1 expression and distribution (shown as brown staining) in the skin of different groups of guinea pigs with cough. (C) Digital quantitative presentation of TRPA1 expression in the trachea of different groups of guinea pigs, demonstrating that pretreatment of the skin with HC-030031 abolished TRPA1 overexpression in the trachea of guinea pigs with cough that were exposed to a cold environment. (D) Digital quantitative presentation of TRPA1 expression in the skin of different groups of guinea pigs, showing that pretreatment of the skin with HC-030031 blocked TRPA1 overexpression in the skin of guinea pigs with cough, the trunk-limbs of which were exposed to a cold environment. The original magnification was 400 × for panels (A,B), and the quantitative values (mean ± SD) of stained epithelia are presented for panels (C,D) (n = 5; **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001).