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. 2020 Aug 27;11:529. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00529

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Copyright © 2020 Michalec, Chang, Lovejoy and Lovejoy.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Phylogenetic analysis of CRF, calcitonin, insulin, and secretin family pre-propeptides with TCAP propeptides (rooted to TCAP). Each family is highlighted with a different color: CRF (red), calcitonin (orange), secretin (purple), TCAP (blue). Analysis was conducted using the maximum likelihood method based on the JTT+G matrix-based model (lnL = −11224.5064; +G, parameter = 1.3976) (41). Initial trees for the heuristic search were obtained by applying the NJ method to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using a JTT model. Branch lengths represent the number of substitutions per site, with the tree shown to scale. Bootstrap analysis involved 1,000 replicates. CRF family: CRF, corticotropin-releasing factor; TCN, teleocortin; UCN, urocortin; UCN2, urocortin 2; UCN3, urocortin 3; UI, urotensin; SVG, sauvagine; DH, diuretic hormone; Calcitonin family: CALC, calcitonin; CGRP1, calcitonin-gene-related peptide 1; CGRP2, calcitonin-gene-related peptide 2; AM, amylin; ADM, adrenomedullin; ADM2, adrenomedullin 2; Secretin family: SCT, secretin; GHRH, growth hormone releasing hormone; GIP, gastric inhibitory peptide; GCG, glucagon; PACAP, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide; Reference groups: NPY, neuropeptide Y; INS, insulin; Outgroup: TCAP, teneurin C-terminal associated peptide. The scale bar indicates the level of magnification for the tree.