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ACT instructs protective immune responses in tumors. A schematic model depicting the possible influence of ACT on pre-existing memory is depicted. Shortly after infusion, ACT-derived TEFF recognize tumor antigen, cause tumor cell death and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α), and promote local inflammation. This causes recruitment of APC and bystander memory subsets, and their local reactivation by either TCR-dependent or TCR-independent mechanisms.
