Table 2.

Emodin and conventional therapeutic methods against cardiovascular disease.

Drug	Drug type	Disease model	Therapeutic effect comparison	References
A-tocopherol (a-TOC), a-lipoic acid (a-LA)	antioxidant	Sprague-Dawley isolated rat hearts (male and female) with I-R injury	Emodin pretreatment improved antioxidant capacity comparison to a-TOC or a-LA to a similar extent.	(Du and Ko, 2005)
Ischemic preconditioning (IPC)	Surgery	Sprague-Dawley isolated rat hearts with I-R injury	Emodin preconditioning protect against myocardial I-R injury consistent with IPC and combined emodin and IPC pretreatment produced cardioprotective action in a semi-additive manner.	(Du and Ko, 2006)
Ribavirin	Synthetic nucleoside	BALB/c mice with viral myocarditis (CVB4)	15 mg/kg/d emodin treatment was equivalent to 10 mg/kg/d ribavirin in alleviating the virus myocardial lesions.	(Liu et al., 2013)
Irbesartan	ATR1 blockers	hypertensive rats with LV fibrosis in Goldblatt (2K1C)	Emodin, irbesartan or two drugs together can potentially inhibit the ventricular fibrosis in Goldblatt hypertensive rats.	(Chen et al., 2014)
Trichostatin A (TSA)	HDAC inhibitor	Neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) with Myocardial hypertrophy (Phenylephrine induced)	Emodin blocked pathological cardiac hypertrophy and reversed stress-induced changes in the cardiomyocyte transcriptome consistent with TSA.	(Evans et al., 2020)