Table 1. Current findings on relationship between lung microbiota and non-oncology lung.
| Disease | Reference | sample | Method | Significant outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| COPD | Erb-Downward JR et al. (44) | BALF/lung tissue | 16S rRNA | significant abundance of Pseudomonas and Haemophilus |
| Hilty et al. (45) | Oropharynx/Bronchoscopy | 16S rRNA | significant increases in Pathogenic Proteobacteria, particularly Haemophilus spp. | |
| Kim et al. (46) | Lung tissue | 16S rRNA | significant increases in Firmicutes, particularly Lactobacillales; Ochrobactrum was only found in the COPD | |
| Sze et al. (47) | Lung tissue | 16S rRNA | significant abundance of Firmicutes, particularly Lactobacillales | |
| Pragman et al. (48) | BALF | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria in moderate COPD; Actinobacteria and Firmicutes in severe COPD; Increased the genus in Nocardioides and Balneimonas; Decreased the genus in Humicoccus and Thermoactinomyces | |
| Millares et al. (49) | Sputum | 16S rRNA/bacterial culture | The dominant phyla: Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria; Increased the genus in Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, Moraxella, Haemophilus, Neisseria, Achromobacter and Corynebacterium | |
| Garcia-Nuñez et al. (50) | Sputum | 16S rRNA/bacterial culture | The dominant phyla: Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, followed by Actinobacteria; relative abundance of the genera Rothia, Streptococcus, and Veillonella | |
| Lee et al. (51) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; more abundant of the genera Haemophilus, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas in severe COPD, more abundant of the genera Propionibacterium, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Escherichia and Porphyromonas in moderate COPD | |
| Mayhew et al. (52) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes; the most abundant genera: Veillonella, Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Prevotella and Moraxella | |
| Jubinville et al. (53) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes; the dominant genera: Streptococcus, Prevotella, Moraxella and Veillonella | |
| Leitao Filho et al. (54) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteria; the dominant genera: Streptococcus, Prevotella, Haemophilus, Rothia, Veillonella and Pseudomonas | |
| CF | Feigelman et al. (55) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Stenotrophomonas, and Achromobacter |
| Frayman et al. (56) | BALF | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria | |
| Laguna et al. (57) | BALF | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus, Stenotrophomonas and Achromobacter | |
| Carmody et al. (58) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, Veillonella, Prevotella, Gemella and Rothia | |
| Asthma | Durack et al. (59) | Bronchoscopy | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Haemophilus, Neisseria, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas and Sphingomonodaceae; decreased in Mogibacteriaceae and Lactobacillales |
| Teo et al. (60) | NP | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria; the dominant genera: Moraxella, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Haemophilus and Alloiococcus | |
| Huang et al. (61) | Bronchoscopy | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes; Increased abundance of Actinobacteria in severe asthma | |
| Marri et al. (62) | Sputum | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Fusobacterium and Bacteroidetes | |
| IPF | Molyneaux et al. (63) | BALF | 16S rRNA | The dominant phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria; Increased abundance of Campylobacter and Stenotrophomonas in AE-IPF; Veillonella in the stable IPF |
| Han et al. (64) | BALF | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Staphylococcus and Streptococcus | |
| Molyneaux et al. (65) | BALF | 16S rRNA | Increased abundance of Haemophilus, Streptococcus, Neisseria and Veillonella |
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CF, cystic fibrosis; IPF, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; BALF, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; NP, nasopharyngeal.