. 2020 Sep 10;35(6):776–784. doi: 10.1007/s12250-020-00288-1

Table 1.

Comparation of lopinavir and ritonavir in vitro antiviral efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 or HIV and in vivo plasma exposures.

Drug	Virus	In vitro efficiacy (µmol/L)	In vivo concentration (µmol/L)
Drug	Virus	IC₅₀ (µmol/L)	C_max	Unbound C_max	C_min	Unbound C_min
Lopinavir	SARS-CoV-2	7.79–12.01	13.5^b	0.2^c	5.3^d	0.08^d
Lopinavir	HIV	0.004–0.011^a	13.5^b	0.2^c	5.3^d	0.08^d
Ritonavir	SARS-CoV-2	11.68–19.88	0.15^e	0.002	0.038^e	0.0006
Ritonavir	HIV	0.022–0.16^e	0.15^e	0.002	0.038^e	0.0006

Unbound C_max and unbound C_min represent the free plasma concentration after protein-binding correction. Protein bindings of lopinavir and ritonavir are 98%–99%. 98.5% were used here to calculate the unbound values.

In vitro anti-HIV activity values used here obtained from the in vitro activity study absence of human albumin.

^aData obtained from Abbott Laboratories and European Medicines Agency.

^bData obtained from http://www.fda.gov/cder/foi/nda/2000/21-226_Kaletra_biopharmr_P1.pdf.

^cData obtained from reference Gulati et al. (2009).

^dData obtained from reference Murphy et al. (2001).

^eData obtained from reference Cvetkovic and Goa (2003).