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. 2020 Sep 9;11:4502. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-18308-9

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© The Author(s) 2020

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 3 — a Schematic diagram of the experimental procedure. b Photographs of the surgical implantation of SSHs in rats. Left: incision; middle: implantation; right: conglutination. A roughly 1-cm incision was made in the mediodorsal skin, and a lateral subcutaneous pocket was prepared. c Photographs and d swelling ratio of the hydrogel samples after implantation for the predetermined time points. e Compressive modulus at 90% strain versus swelling ratio. f Variation of compressive modulus versus swelling ratio. g Compressive stress at 90% strain versus swelling ratio. h Variation of compressive stress versus swelling ratio. The strain rate was 5 mm/min, and the dimension of the cylindrical samples was 5 × 3 mm. All error bars represent the mean ± SD (n = 3 independent experiments). Significance was assessed using unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test, giving P values, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. NS no significance.