FIG 10.

Atl deletion reverses the aberrant morphology of S. aureus ΔatpA biofilm. (A) OD₆₀₀ measurements of S. aureus strains in tryptic soy broth (TSB) or RPMI-1640 supplemented with 1% Casamino Acids (CAA) (n = 6 biological replicates). (B) CFU of in vitro biofilms at various stages of maturation (n = 3 to 6 biological replicates). (C) Representative 3D images of 4-day-old biofilm acquired using confocal laser scanning microscopy. (D) Maximum thickness and roughness coefficient measurements were calculated by Comstat 2 analysis combined from 2 independent experiments (n = 12 biological replicates). Significant differences are denoted by asterisks (**, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, and ****, P < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s multiple-comparison test with WT control [B] or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test [D]).