FIG 4.

Enhanced proinflammatory mediator production elicited by S. aureus ΔatpA biofilm is TLR2- and MyD88-independent. WT, MyD88^−/−, and TLR2^−/− bone marrow-derived MDSCs (A) and macrophages (B) were cocultured with 4-day-old WT or ΔatpA biofilm for 2 h, whereupon supernatants were analyzed using a mouse cytometric bead array inflammation kit. Results represent the mean combined from 3 independent experiments (n = 15 biological replicates). Significant differences are denoted by asterisks (*, P < 0.05, **, P < 0.01, ***, P < 0.001, and ****, P < 0.0001, one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple-comparison test).