Table 4.

Odds ratios of COVID-19 outcomes comparing non-Kuwaitis to Kuwaitis

	Odds Ratio	Lower CI	Upper CI	p-value
ICU Admission
Model 1	2.434	1.161	5.557	0.025
Model 2	1.926	0.856	4.723	0.131
Model 3	1.930	0.770	5.483	0.186
Death
Model 1	3.463	1.463	9.082	0.007
Model 2	2.190	0.884	6.019	0.108
Model 3	1.627	0.535	5.915	0.422
Composite Outcome (Death or ICU)
Model 1	3.099	1.693	5.972	< 0.001
Model 2	2.143	1.117	4.316	0.027
Model 3	1.902	0.882	4.412	0.116
ARDS
Model 1	3.297	1.752	6.552	< 0.001
Model 2	2.439	1.229	5.091	0.014
Model 3	1.899	0.850	4.592	0.134
Pneumonia
Model 1	2.626	1.556	4.593	< 0.001
Model 2	2.241	1.265	4.108	0.007
Model 3	1.456	0.756	2.918	0.274

Model 1: adjusted for age, smoking and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, asthma and cancer

Model 2: adjusted for variables in Model 1 plus gender; Model 3: adjusted for variables in Model 2 plus BMI