Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of participants in the study (N=167)
| Group 1 (n=74) |
Group 2 (n=75) |
Group 3 (n=18) |
P value* | |
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 50.8 (6.1) | 50.3 (5.1) | 53.6 (7.5) | 0.09 |
| Gender, male, n (%) | 41 (55.4) | 41 (54.7) | 10 (55.6) | 0.99 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 29 (39.2) | 51 (68.0) | 15 (83.3) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (%), mean (SD) | 5.75 (0.37) | 8.18 (1.90) | 9.39 (1.71) | <0.001 |
| Duration of diabetes (years), mean (SD) | 0 | 4.24 (6.76) | 12.33 (7.14) | <0.001 |
| Axial length (mm), mean (SD) | 23.58 (0.93) | 23.50 (0.84) | 23.35 (0.99) | 0.59 |
Data are expressed as numbers (percentages) for categorical variables or means (SDs) for continuous variables.
Bold values are statistically significant.
*Based on χ2 or Wilcoxon test (categorical), or independent sample t-tests, comparing characteristics among participants across all three groups.
HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin.