Table 1.
Risk factors for the acquisition of CRAB intestinal carriage during the ICU stay
| Characteristics | Patients with acquiring CRAB intestinal carriage | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
| Yes (n=115) | No (n=780) | OR (95% CI) | P | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Demographics | ||||||
| Sex, male | 71 (61.74%) | 502 (64.36%) | 1.12 (0.75 to 1.68) | 0.59 | ||
| Ethnicity, Han Chinese | 108 (93.91%) | 712 (91.28%) | 1.47 (0.66 to 3.29) | 0.34 | ||
| Age (median) | 51 (40–70) | 56 (45–68) | / | 0.21 | ||
| Underlying disease | ||||||
| Myocardial infarction | 1 (0.87%) | 4 (0.51%) | 1.7 (0.19 to 15.36) | 0.50 | ||
| Peripheral vascular disease | 11 (9.57%) | 62 (7.95%) | 1.22 (0.62 to 2.40) | 0.55 | ||
| Cerebrovascular disease | 4 (3.48%) | 36 (4.62%) | 0.74 (0.26 to 2.13) | 0.58 | ||
| Dementia | 1 (0.87%) | 0 (0%) | / | 0.13 | ||
| Connective tissue disease | 1 (0.87%) | 12 (1.54%) | 0.56 (0.07 to 4.36) | 0.89 | ||
| Peptic ulcer | 5 (4.35%) | 25 (3.21%) | 1.37 (0.51 to 3.66) | 0.72 | ||
| Haemiplegia | 0 (0%) | 1 (0.13%) | / | 1.00 | ||
| Hypertension | 36 (31.30%) | 180 (23.08%) | 1.52 (0.99 to 2.33) | 0.05 | ||
| Tuberculosis | 1 (0.87%) | 12 (1.54%) | 0.56 (0.07 to 4.36) | 0.89 | ||
| COPD | 10 (8.70%) | 54 (6.92%) | 1.28 (0.63 to 2.59) | 0.49 | ||
| Respiratory failure | 40 (34.78%) | 163 (20.90%) | 2.02 (1.33 to 3.07) | 0.001 | ||
| Kidney failure | 11 (9.57%) | 31 (3.97%) | 2.56 (1.25 to 5.24) | 0.01 | ||
| Heart failure | 7 (6.09%) | 19 (2.44%) | 2.99 (1.28 to 7.01) | 0.06 | ||
| Diabetes | 21 (18.26%) | 102 (13.08%) | 1.48 (0.89 to 2.49) | 0.13 | ||
| Liver dysfunction | 5 (4.35%) | 37 (4.74%) | 0.91 (0.35 to 2.37) | 0.85 | ||
| Haematological disease | 71 (61.74%) | 268 (34.36%) | 3.08 (2.06 to 4.62) | <0.001 | 2.26 (1.42 to 3.58) | 0.001 |
| Pancreatitis | 35 (30.43%) | 77 (9.87%) | 3.99 (2.52 to 6.34) | <0.001 | 2.16 (1.28 to 3.67) | 0.004 |
| Medical operation | ||||||
| Surgery | 82 (71.30%) | 645 (82.69%) | 0.52 (0.33 to 0.81) | 0.004 | 0.40 (0.24 to 0.68) | 0.001 |
| CVC | 78 (67.83%) | 424 (54.36%) | 1.77 (1.17 to 2.68) | 0.01 | ||
| Ventilator | 101 (87.83%) | 666 (85.38%) | 1.23 (0.68 to 2.23) | 0.49 | ||
| Indwelling catheter | 110 (95.65%) | 742 (95.13%) | 1.13 (0.43 to 2.92) | 0.81 | ||
| Tube feeding | 84 (73.04%) | 280 (35.90%) | 4.84 (3.13 to 7.49) | <0.001 | 3.35 (2.03 to 5.51) | <0.001 |
| Nebuliser fibroptic | 73 (63.48%) | 368 (47.18%) | 1.95 (1.30 to 2.92) | 0.001 | ||
| Bronchoscope | 1 (0.87%) | 21 (2.69%) | 0.32 (0.04 to 2.38) | 0.39 | ||
| Antimicrobial use | ||||||
| Cephalosporin | 35 (30.43%) | 312 (40.00%) | 0.66 (0.43 to 1.00) | 0.05 | 0.59 (0.37 to 0.95) | 0.03 |
| Vancomycin | 13 (11.30%) | 32 (4.10%) | 2.98 (1.51 to 5.86) | 0.001 | ||
| Aminoglycosides | 12 (10.43%) | 31 (3.97%) | 2.81 (1.40 to 5.65) | 0.002 | ||
| Carbapenems | 82 (71.30%) | 295 (37.82%) | 4.09 (2.66 to 6.27) | <0.001 | 1.84 (1.11 to 3.07) | 0.02 |
| Fluoroquinolones | 26 (22.61%) | 137 (17.56%) | 1.37 (0.85 to 2.20) | 0.19 | ||
| Antifungal agents | 49 (42.61%) | 138 (17.69%) | 3.45 (2.29 to 5.22) | <0.001 | ||
| Cephamycins | 16 (13.91%) | 253 (32.44%) | 0.34 (0.19 to 0.58) | <0.001 | ||
| Lincomycin | 3 (2.61%) | 61 (7.82%) | 0.32 (0.10 to 1.02) | 0.04 | ||
| Tigecycline | 19 (16.52%) | 69 (8.85%) | 2.04 (1.18 to 3.54) | 0.01 | ||
| APACHE II | 21.5 (17–26) | 17 (12–22) | / | <0.001 | 1.04 (1.01 to 1.07) | 0.01 |
| Charlson score | 2 (1–5) | 3 (2–4) | / | 0.06 | ||
| Sharing room with other patients with CRAB intestinal carriage | 20 (17.39%) | 153 (19.62%) | 0.86 (0.52 to 1.44) | 0.57 | ||
Variables with p<0.05 in the multiple logistic analysis are highlighted in bold.
APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CRAB, carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii; CVC, central venous catheter; ICU, intensive care unit.