Table 1. Characteristics of Nanoparticles and Nanoparticle–Protein Conjugates^a.

	emission peak	extinction coefficient (M-1 cm-1)	TEM size (nm)	hydrodynamic size (intensity mode, nm)	hydrodynamic size (number mode, nm)
QD608-CL4	608 nm (FWHM ∼26 nm) (QY∼30%)	1.2 × 105 @592	10.0 ± 0.93	16.6 ± 0.6	12.2 ± 0.1
QD608-RBD			10.1 ± 0.89	23.8 ± 2.4	19.9 ± 0.9
QD608-S1			–	28.2 ± 1.1	23.4 ± 0.7
QD608-S1+S2			–	56.1 ± 0.9	53.1 ± 1.6
QD514-CL4	514 nm (FWHM ∼34 nm) (QY∼40%)	8.9 × 105 @488	8.4 ± 0.84	13.2 ± 0.5	10.8 ± 1.6
QD514-RBD			8.2 ± 0.72	21.8 ± 2.3	17.0 ± 1.3
AuNP-NTA	–	1.4 × 107@520	5.6 ± 0.7	15.6 ± 0.5	11.8 ± 0.4
AuNP-ACE2			5.8 ± 0.8	21.7 ± 0.7	17.4 ± 1.7

^aData shown as mean ± SD.